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Performance and alertness effects of caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil during sleep deprivation

WESENSTEN, NANCY J., KILLGORE, WILLIAM D. S., BALKIN, THOMAS J.·2005·Journal of Sleep Research

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00468.x

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Abstract

Stimulants may provide short-term performance and alertness enhancement during sleep loss. Caffeine 600 mg, d-amphetamine 20 mg, and modafinil 400 mg were compared during 85 h of total sleep deprivation to determine the extent to which the three agents restored performance on simple psychomotor tasks, objective alertness and tasks of executive functions. Forty-eight healthy young adults remained awake for 85 h. Performance and alertness tests were administered bi-hourly from 8:00 hours day 2 to 19:00 hours day 5. At 23:50 hours on day 4 (after 64 h awake), subjects ingested placebo, caffeine 600 mg, dextroamphetamine 20 mg, or modafinil 400 mg (n=12 per group). Performance and alertness testing continued, and probe tasks of executive function were administered intermittently until the recovery sleep period (20:00 hours day 5 to 8:00 hours day 5). Bi-hourly postrecovery sleep testing occurred from 10:00 hours to 16:00 hours day 6. All three agents improved psychomotor vigilance speed and objectively measured alertness relative to placebo. Drugs did not affect recovery sleep, and postrecovery sleep performance for all drug groups was at presleep deprivation levels. Effects on executive function tasks were mixed, with improvement on some tasks with caffeine and modafinil, and apparent decrements with dextroamphetamine on others. At the doses tested, caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil are equally effective for approximately 2-4 h in restoring simple psychomotor performanc…

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Modafinil Increases the Latency of Response in the Hayling Sentence Completion Test in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomised Controlled Trial
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Approaches to measuring the effects of wake‐promoting drugs: a focus on cognitive function
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Authors: WESENSTEN, N. J., KILLGORE, W. D. S., & BALKIN, T. J.
Affiliations: Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (US)
Corresponding author: WESENSTEN, NANCY J.
ORCID: KILLGORE, WILLIAM D. S.
BALKIN, THOMAS J.
Venue: Journal of Sleep Research
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2005-08-25
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Pages: 255-266
ISSN: 0962-1105 (ISSN-L)
1365-2869
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00468.x
OpenAlex: W1975163395
Cited by: 306
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 22.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Sleep Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords: caffeine, d-amphetamine, modafinil, sleep deprivation, stimulants, alertness, psychomotor performance, executive function, psychomotor vigilance, recovery sleep, drug elimination rate
MeSH terms: Modafinil, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Arousal, Benzhydryl Compounds, Caffeine, Cognition, Dextroamphetamine, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Performance, Sleep Deprivation, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Dopamine Agonists

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Performance and alertness effects of caffeine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil during sleep deprivation

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