Effects of Tyrosine, Phentermine, Caffeined-amphetamine, and Placebo on Cognitive and Motor Performance Deficits During Sleep Deprivation
Abstract
Cognitive and motor performance are critical in many circumstances and are impaired by sleep deprivation. We administered placebo, tyrosine 150 mg/kg, caffeine 300 mg/70 kg, phentermine 37.5 mg and D-amphetamine 20 mg at 15.30 h following overnight sleep deprivation and compare their effects on cognitive and motor performance in healthy young men. Tests of visual scanning, running memory, logical reasoning, mathematical processing, the Stroop task, four-choice serial reaction time, time wall take, pursuit tracking, visual vigilance, Trails (B) task and long-term memory were evaluated at standardized intervals before, during and after sleep deprivation and drugs. Performance decrements with sleep deprivation occurred in visual scanning, running memory, logical reasoning, mathematical processing, the Stroop test, the time wall test, tracking and visual vigilance. Interestingly, with sleep deprivation some tests improved and others did not deteriorate. Improvements with medication following sleep deprivation were seen in running memory, logical reasoning, mathematical processing, tracking and visual vigilance. Although less effective than D-amphetamine, tyrosine improved performance on several tests. We conclude that all drugs tested improved at least some aspects of cognitive and motor performance after sleep deprivation. As a naturally occurring amino acid, and thus amenable to nutritional strategies, tyrosine may deserve further testing.
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Amphetamine reversed deficits in various cognitive and motor performances and complex expression identification following continuous sleep deprivation.
“AMP also reversed deficits in various cognitive and motor performances (Magill et al., 2003) and complex expression identification (Huck et al., 2008) following continuous sleep deprivation.”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Magill et al., 2003
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“AMP also reversed deficits in various cognitive and motor performances (Magill et al., 2003) and complex expression identification (Huck et al., 2008) following continuous sleep depri- vation.”
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“…1999). however, the most common dose among literature is typically 150 mg/kg (attipoe et al., 2015; Bloemendaal et al., 2018; coull et al., 2015; Magill et al., 2003; Mahoney et al., 2007). as such, the lack of an interaction effect from supplement ingestion on salivary stress markers could be…”
InfluentialTyrosine negatively affects flexible-like behaviour under cognitively demanding conditions
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“Several studies have shown that amphetamine improves subjective ratings of arousal and perceived enhancements [5], and objective measures of cognitive performance in sleep-deprived participants [6–11].”
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“…在各复杂任务成绩上, 睡眠 限制与控制条件之间没有显著差异; 而在完成心 理运动警觉性任务时, 睡眠限制条件下被试的任 务表现显著变差, 且随着睡眠限制天数的增加而 持续下降。Sadeh, Gruber 和 Raviv (2003)使用简单 反应时任务和其他复杂认知任务也发现, 睡眠限 制对持续性注意功能的影响较大, 而对其他复杂 认知任务, 如手指敲击任务(运动速度功能)和数 字广度测试(工作记忆功能)等影响较小。同样地, 有研究发现, 与非睡眠限制条件相比, 在睡眠限 制条件下, 被试完成简单反应时任务的反应时显 著增加; 在线索反应时任务中,…”
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“In addition, numerous studies have been conducted on the relationships of tyrosine with stress, fatigue, prolonged sleep disorder, stress induced weight loss, stress induced changes in blood pressure, neuroendocrine system, perceptive, cognitive and physical performance in humans, and stress hormones [26].”
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“However, some improvements in performance have been observed for L-tyrosine supplementation during long duration military drills (25,32,34).”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Magill, R. A., Waters, W. F., Bray, G. A., Volaufova, J., Smith, S. R., Lieberman, H. R., McNevin, N., & Ryan, D. H.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Venue
- Nutritional Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 237-246
- ISSN
- 1028-415X (ISSN-L)
- 1476-8305
- OpenAlex
- W1999076139
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 10.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutritional Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Keywords
- sleep deprivation, tyrosine, phentermine, caffeine, d-amphetamine, cognitive performance, motor performance, visual vigilance, Stroop task, serial reaction time, long-term memory, amino acid supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Caffeine, Cognition, Dextroamphetamine, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Phentermine, Placebos, Sleep Deprivation, Tyrosine
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