Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 490

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Scaling relations for galaxy clusters in the Millennium-XXL simulation: Scaling relations for clusters in the MXXL

Open access
Angulo, R. E., Springel, V., White, S. D. M., Jenkins, A., Baugh, C. M., Frenk, C. S.·2012·Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Abstract

We present a very large high-resolution cosmological N-body simulation, the Millennium-XXL or MXXL, which uses 303 billion particles to represent the formation of dark matter structures throughout a 4.1 Gpc box in a cold dark matter cosmology.We create sky maps and identify large samples of galaxy clusters using surrogates for four different observables: richness estimated from galaxy surveys, X-ray luminosity, integrated Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal and lensing mass.The unprecedented combination of volume and resolution allows us to explore in detail how these observables scale with each other and with cluster mass.The scatter correlates between different mass-observable relations because of common sensitivities to the internal structure, orientation and environment of clusters, as well as to line-of-sight superposition of uncorrelated structure.We show that this can account for the apparent discrepancies uncovered recently between the mean thermal SZ signals measured for optically and X-ray selected clusters by stacking data from the Planck satellite.Related systematics can also affect inferences from extreme clusters detected at high redshift.Our results illustrate that cosmological conclusions from galaxy cluster surveys depend critically on proper modelling, not only of the relevant physics, but also of the full distribution of the observables and of the selection biases induced by cluster identification procedures.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21830.x

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 56 references

Cited by

See all 490

Metadata

Authors
Angulo, R. E., Springel, V., White, S. D. M., Jenkins, A., Baugh, C. M., & Frenk, C. S.
Venue
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published
2012-10-09
Volume
426
Issue
3
Pages
2046-2062
ISSN
0035-8711 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2104659339
Cited by
490
References
56
FWCI
19.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Scaling relations for galaxy clusters in the Millennium-XXL simulation: Scaling relations for clusters in the MXXL. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21830.x
The paper
Angulo, R. E., Springel, V., White, S. D. M., Jenkins, A., Baugh, C. M., & Frenk, C. S. (2012). Scaling relations for galaxy clusters in the Millennium-XXL simulation: Scaling relations for clusters in the MXXL. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21830.x

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.