The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Rates of caesarean section: analysis of global, regional and national estimates
Abstract
Summary: Rates of caesarean section are of concern in both developed and developing countries. We set out to estimate the proportion of births by caesarean section (CS) at national, regional and global levels, describe regional and subregional patterns and correlate rates with other reproductive health indicators. We analysed nationally representative data available from surveys or vital registration systems on the proportion of births by CS. We used local non‐parametric regression techniques to correlate CS with maternal mortality ratio, infant and neonatal mortality rates, and the proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel. Although very unevenly distributed, 15% of births worldwide occur by CS. Latin America and the Caribbean show the highest rate (29.2%), and Africa shows the lowest (3.5%). In developed countries, the proportion of caesarean births is 21.1% whereas in least developed countries only 2% of deliveries are by CS. The analysis suggests a strong inverse association between CS rates and maternal, infant and neonatal mortality in countries with high mortality levels. There is some suggestion of a direct positive association at lower levels of mortality. CS levels may respond primarily to economic determinants.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Validity of reported vaccination coverage in 45 countries
Murray, C. J., Shengelia, B., Gupta, N., Moussavi, S., Tandon, A., & Thieren, M. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14411-x · Cited by 224
Cited by
Trends and projections of caesarean section rates: global and regional estimates
Betran, A. P., Ye, J., Moller, A.-B., Souza, J. P., & Zhang, J. (2021) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005671 · Cited by 1,562
Miller, S., Abalos, E., Chamillard, M., Ciapponi, A., Colaci, D., Comandé, D., Diaz, V., Geller, S., Hanson, C., Langer, A., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31472-6 · Cited by 1,181
Gut Microbiota Diversity and Human Diseases: Should We Reintroduce Key Predators in Our Ecosystem?
Mosca, A., Leclerc, M., & Hugot, J. P. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00455 · Cited by 612
Mazzoni, A., Althabe, F., Liu, N., Bonotti, A., Gibbons, L., Sánchez, A., & Belizán, J. (2011) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02793.x · Cited by 306
Cesarean section and development of the immune system in the offspring
Cho, C. E., & Norman, M. (2013) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.08.009 · Cited by 301
Maternal complications and cesarean section without indication: systematic review and meta-analysis
Mascarello, K. C., Horta, B. L., & Silveira, M. F. (2017) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2017051000389 · Cited by 262
Curran, E. A., O'Neill, S. M., Cryan, J. F., Kenny, L. C., Dinan, T. G., Khashan, A. S., & Kearney, P. M. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12351 · Cited by 250
Neuman, M., Alcock, G., Azad, K., Kuddus, A., Osrin, D., More, N. S., Nair, N., Tripathy, P., Sikorski, C., Saville, N., et al. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005982 · Cited by 195
Curran, E. A., Dalman, C., Kearney, P. M., Kenny, L. C., Cryan, J. F., Dinan, T. G., & Khashan, A. S. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0846 · Cited by 146
Morlando, M., Sarno, L., Napolitano, R., Capone, A., Tessitore, G., Maruotti, G. M., & Martinelli, P. (2013) · Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.12080 · Cited by 132
Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Placenta Accreta After Institution of Team-Managed Care
Al-Khan, A., Gupta, V., Illsley, N. P., Mannion, C., Koenig, C., Bogomol, A., Alvarez, M., & Zamudio, S. (2014) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719113512528 · Cited by 119
Garthus-Niegel, S., von Soest, T., Knoph, C., Simonsen, T. B., Torgersen, L., & Eberhard-Gran, M. (2014) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-191 · Cited by 120
Curran, E. A., Cryan, J. F., Kenny, L. C., Dinan, T. G., Kearney, P. M., & Khashan, A. S. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2616-1 · Cited by 94
Cesarean Section without Medical Reason, 1997 to 2006: A Swedish Register Study
Karlström, A., Rådestad, I., Eriksson, C., Rubertsson, C., Nystedt, A., & Hildingsson, I. (2010) · Birth · doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.2009.00373.x · Cited by 87
Googling caesarean section: a survey on the quality of the information available on the Internet
Fioretti, B., Reiter, M., Betrán, A., & Torloni, M. (2015) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13081 · Cited by 65
Self-citationMisrecognition of need: Women's experiences of and explanations for undergoing cesarean delivery
Tully, K. P., & Ball, H. L. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.02.039 · Cited by 54
Roy, A., Paul, P., Chouhan, P., Rahaman, M., & Kapasia, N. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11750-4 · Cited by 44
Einarsdóttir, K., Kemp, A., Haggar, F. A., Moorin, R. E., Gunnell, A. S., Preen, D. B., Stanley, F. J., & Holman, C. D. J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041436 · Cited by 43
Mia, M. N., Islam, M. Z., Chowdhury, M. R., Razzaque, A., Chin, B., & Rahman, M. S. (2019) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100415 · Cited by 41
Determinants of cesarean delivery: a classification tree analysis
Stivanello, E., Rucci, P., Lenzi, J., & Fantini, M. P. (2014) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-215 · Cited by 32
Sorensen, B. L., Rasch, V., Massawe, S., Nyakina, J., Elsass, P., & Nielsen, B. B. (2010) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.04.031 · Cited by 28
Whitmill, J., Blanton, C., Doraiswamy, S., Cornier, N., Schilperood, M., Spiegel, P., & Tomczyk, B. (2016) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-016-0069-6 · Cited by 25
Prediger, B., Mathes, T., Polus, S., Glatt, A., Bühn, S., Schiermeier, S., Neugebauer, E. A. M., & Pieper, D. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03036-1 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Betrán, A. P., Merialdi, M., Lauer, J. A., Bing‐Shun, W., Thomas, J., Van Look, P., & Wagner, M.
- Venue
- Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-02-12
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 98-113
- ISSN
- 0269-5022 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-3016
- OpenAlex
- W2120394603
- Cited by
- 1,045
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 34.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
