Cited by 302Maternal and Perinatal Health InterventionsGut microbiota and healthBirth, Development, and Health

Cesarean section and development of the immune system in the offspring

Cho, Clara E., Norman, Mikael·2013·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Abstract

This review examines the relation between the mode of delivery and development of the immune system in the offspring. Recent epidemiological studies provide evidence that elective cesarean section (CS) is associated with aberrant short-term immune responses in the newborn infant, and a greater risk of developing immune diseases such as asthma, allergies, type 1 diabetes, and celiac disease. However, it is still unknown whether CS causes a long-term effect on the immune system of the offspring that contributes to compromised immune health. With the dramatic increase in the rate of CS today, a greater emphasis should be placed on the discussion among both professionals and childbearing women on potential consequences of CS on the health of the offspring.

Integrity signals

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.08.009

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107 of 107 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Cesarean birth is associated with adverse child health outcomes including asthma, type I diabetes, allergies, and obesity.

    “established links between cesarean birth and adverse child health outcomes, including asthma, type I diabetes, allergies9–11 and obesity12”

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Authors
Cho, C. E., & Norman, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Corresponding author
Cho, Clara E.
Venue
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-04
Volume
208
Issue
4
Pages
249-254
ISSN
0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2069680673
Cited by
301
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 2
FWCI
3.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords
cesarean section, mode of delivery, immune system development, asthma, allergy, type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, immune disorders, offspring health
MeSH terms
Adult, Animals, Cesarean Section, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Immune System, Immune System Diseases, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Rats

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