The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of cross‐sectional evidence
Abstract
Objectives: The notion that sufferers of bipolar disorder achieve complete syndromal and functional recovery between illness episodes has been brought into question by evidence that a large proportion of patients fail to regain premorbid levels of functioning after the resolution of major affective symptoms. A growing body of evidence suggests that bipolar patients exhibit neuropsychological impairment that persists even during the euthymic state, which may be a contributory factor to poor psychosocial outcome. However, the aetiology of such impairment and its relation to progression of illness are not well understood. This review aims to consider evidence from studies investigating both the relationship between cognitive impairment and clinical outcome and studies of neurocognitive function in unaffected first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of bipolar sufferers to address issues of the temporal evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. Methods: Systematic literature review. Results: The weight of evidence suggests that greater neuropsychological dysfunction in bipolar disorder is associated with a worse prior course of illness, particularly the number of manic episodes, hospitalizations and length of illness. The most consistent finding was a negative relationship between the number of manic episodes and verbal declarative memory performance. Impairment in unaffected FDRs was reported in verbal declarative memory and some facets of executive function. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment may be a trait vulnerability factor for bipolar disorder that is present before illness onset and worsens as the illness progresses. Further investigation into the causal relationship between cognitive impairment and illness course is essential.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders
Drevets, W. C., Price, J. L., Simpson, J. R., Todd, R. D., Reich, T., Vannier, M., & Raichle, M. E. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386824a0 · Cited by 2,693
Sustained attention deficit in bipolar disorder
Clark, L., Iversen, S. D., & Goodwin, G. M. (2002) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.180.4.313 · Cited by 539
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in patients with bipolar disorder
Watson, S., Gallagher, P., Ritchie, J. C., Ferrier, I. N., & Young, A. H. (2004) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.184.6.496 · Cited by 343
Self-citationYoung, A. H., Gallagher, P., Watson, S., Del-Estal, D., Owen, B. M., & Nicol Ferrier, I. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300471 · Cited by 318
Decision-making cognition in mania and depression
MURPHY, F. C., RUBINSZTEIN, J. S., MICHAEL, A., ROGERS, R. D., ROBBINS, T. W., PAYKEL, E. S., & SAHAKIAN, B. J. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701003804 · Cited by 316
Subgenual Cingulate Cortex Volume in First-Episode Psychosis
Hirayasu, Y., Shenton, M. E., Salisbury, D. F., Kwon, J. S., Wible, C. G., Fischer, I. A., Yurgelun-Todd, D., Zarate, C., Kikinis, R., Jolesz, F. A., et al. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.7.1091 · Cited by 301
A Preliminary fMRI Study of Sustained Attention in Euthymic, Unmedicated Bipolar Disorder
Strakowski, S. M., Adler, C. M., Holland, S. K., Mills, N., & DelBello, M. P. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300492 · Cited by 242
Different trait markers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a neurocognitive approach
KÉRI, S., KELEMEN, O., BENEDEK, G., & JANKA, Z. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701004068 · Cited by 214
Neuropsychological performance of monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder
Gourovitch, M. L., Torrey, E. F., Gold, J. M., Randolph, C., Weinberger, D. R., & Goldberg, T. E. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00148-6 · Cited by 179
Deckersbach, T., Savage, C. R., Reilly‐Harrington, N., Clark, L., Sachs, G., & Rauch, S. L. (2004) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2004.00118.x · Cited by 139
Cited by
Berk, M., Kapczinski, F., Andreazza, A. C., Dean, O. M., Giorlando, F., Maes, M., Yücel, M., Gama, C. S., Dodd, S., Dean, B., et al. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.001 · Cited by 1,178
A meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder
Robinson, L. J., Thompson, J. M., Gallagher, P., Goswami, U., Young, A. H., Ferrier, I. N., & Moore, P. B. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.02.016 · Cited by 962
Self-citationNeurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder patients: functional implications
Wingo, A. P., Harvey, P. D., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2009) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00665.x · Cited by 274
The assessment of neuropsychological functioning in schizophrenia
Reichenberg, A. (. (2010) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2010.12.3/areichenberg · Cited by 271
Clinical implications of a staging model for bipolar disorders
Kapczinski, F., Dias, V. V., Kauer-Sant’Anna, M., Frey, B. N., Grassi-Oliveira, R., Colom, F., & Berk, M. (2009) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.09.31 · Cited by 263
Metadata
- Authors
- Robinson, L. J., & Nicol Ferrier, I.
- Venue
- Bipolar Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-03-15
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 103-116
- ISSN
- 1398-5647 (ISSN-L)
- 1399-5618
- OpenAlex
- W2029064583
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 4.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of cross‐sectional evidence. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00277.x
- The paper
- Robinson, L. J., & Nicol Ferrier, I. (2006). Evolution of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of cross‐sectional evidence. Bipolar Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00277.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
