The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tobacco smoking behaviors in bipolar disorder: a comparison of the general population, schizophrenia, and major depression
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study compared the prevalence of tobacco smoking behaviors in patients with bipolar disorder with normal and psychiatric (schizophrenia and major depression) controls. The main goal was to establish that bipolar patients smoke more than normal controls. Differences with psychiatric controls were explored. METHODS: Samples of 424 patients (99 bipolar, 258 schizophrenia and 67 major depression) and 402 volunteer controls were collected in Central Kentucky. Smoking data for Kentucky's general population were available. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to establish the strength of associations. Logistic regression was used to adjust ORs for confounding variables. RESULTS: Using epidemiological definitions of smoking behaviors and the general population as controls provided bipolar disorder unadjusted ORs of 5.0 (95% CI: 3.3-7.8) for current cigarette smoking, 2.6 (95% CI: 1.7-4.4) for ever cigarette smoking, and 0.13 (95% CI: 0.03-0.24) for smoking cessation. Using a clinical definition and volunteers as controls provided respective bipolar disorder adjusted ORs of 7.3 (95% CI: 4.3-12.4), 4.0 (95% CI: 2.4-6.7), and 0.15 (95% CI: 0.06-0.36). Prevalences of current daily smoking for patients with major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia were 57%, 66%, and 74%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar disorder was associated with significantly higher prevalences of tobacco smoking behaviors compared with the general population or volunteer controls, independently of the definition used. It is possible that smoking behaviors in bipolar disorder may have intermediate prevalences between major depression and schizophrenia, but larger samples or a combination of multiple studies (meta-analysis) will be needed to establish whether this hypothesis is correct.
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“A catchment area study from Kentucky reports that the prevalence of everyday current smoking is 66% in people with BD, which is also significantly elevated when compared to the general population, and also exceeds the rate observed in people with major depression and schizophrenia (9).”
From The detrimental effects of smoking on the course and outcome in adults with bipolar disorder—A narrative review (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Citations
Cites
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Papageorgis, D. (1991) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(91)90087-j · Cited by 1,537
de Leon, J., & Diaz, F. J. (2005) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.02.010 · Cited by 1,276
Linkage of a neurophysiological deficit in schizophrenia to a chromosome 15 locus
Freedman, R., Coon, H., Myles-Worsley, M., Orr-Urtreger, A., Olincy, A., Davis, A., Polymeropoulos, M., Holik, J., Hopkins, J., Hoff, M., et al. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.2.587 · Cited by 1,141
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Yatham, L. N., Kennedy, S. H., Parikh, S. V., Schaffer, A., Beaulieu, S., Alda, M., O’Donovan, C., MacQUEEN, G. M., McIntyre, R. S., Sharma, V., et al. (2012) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12025 · Cited by 1,230
“Patients with BD have a fivefold higher risk of current cigarette smoking compared to the general population (300).”
BackgroundMalhi, G. S., Bassett, D., Boyce, P., Bryant, R., Fitzgerald, P. B., Fritz, K., Hopwood, M., Lyndon, B., Mulder, R., Murray, G., et al. (2015) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415617657 · Cited by 842
“Importantly, patients with bipolar disorder have a five-fold greater chance of smoking compared to the general public (Diaz et al., 2009).”
BackgroundGoldstein, B. I., Carnethon, M. R., Matthews, K. A., McIntyre, R. S., Miller, G. E., Raghuveer, G., Stoney, C. M., Wasiak, H., & McCrindle, B. W. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000229 · Cited by 519
Dickerson, F., Stallings, C. R., Origoni, A. E., Vaughan, C., Khushalani, S., Schroeder, J. R., & Yolken, R. H. (2012) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201200143 · Cited by 248
Sleep and circadian functioning: critical mechanisms in the mood disorders?
Harvey, A. G. (2011) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104550 · Cited by 237
“Sleep Deprivation Is Associated with Substance Use, Which May Contribute to Substance Use Comorbidity Several studies indicate that the presence of mood disorders is associated with elevated risk for alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and cigarette smoking (Diaz et al. 2009, Grant et al. 2004a).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Diaz, F. J., James, D., Botts, S., Maw, L., Susce, M. T., & De Leon, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- ORCID
- Botts, Sheila
- Venue
- Bipolar Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-02-25
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 154-165
- ISSN
- 1398-5647 (ISSN-L)
- 1399-5618
- OpenAlex
- W1979173012
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 14.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bipolar Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- smoking, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, smoking prevalence, smoking cessation, psychiatric comorbidity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Smoking, Prevalence, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Population Groups
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