Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Predispose Youth to Accelerated Atherosclerosis and Early Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Abstract
In the 2011 "Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents," several medical conditions among youth were identified that predispose to accelerated atherosclerosis and early cardiovascular disease (CVD), and risk stratification and management strategies for youth with these conditions were elaborated. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) among youth satisfy the criteria set for, and therefore merit inclusion among, Expert Panel tier II moderate-risk conditions. The combined prevalence of MDD and BD among adolescents in the United States is ≈10%, at least 10 times greater than the prevalence of the existing moderate-risk conditions combined. The high prevalence of MDD and BD underscores the importance of positioning these diseases alongside other pediatric diseases previously identified as moderate risk for CVD. The overall objective of this statement is to increase awareness and recognition of MDD and BD among youth as moderate-risk conditions for early CVD. To achieve this objective, the primary specific aims of this statement are to (1) summarize evidence that MDD and BD are tier II moderate-risk conditions associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and early CVD and (2) position MDD and BD as tier II moderate-risk conditions that require the application of risk stratification and management strategies in accordance with Expert Panel recommendations. In this scientific statement, there is…
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The DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD was associated with impairment, psychiatric and substance use disorders, poor health, mortality, disease and economic burden, and disability-years.
“The DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD was associated with impairment, 3,4 psychiatric and substance use disorders (SUDs), [5][6][7][8][9] poor health, 10,11 mortality, 12 disease and economic burden, 12 and disability-years.[13][14][15][16]”
From Epidemiology of Adult <i>DSM-5</i> Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Goldstein, B. I., Carnethon, M. R., Matthews, K. A., McIntyre, R. S., Miller, G. E., Raghuveer, G., Stoney, C. M., Wasiak, H., & McCrindle, B. W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2015-09-08
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 965-986
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2116763520
- Cited by
- 519
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 29.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, youth, adolescents, premature atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk stratification, cardiovascular risk factors, psychiatric medication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, American Heart Association, Bipolar Disorder, Cardiovascular Diseases, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Hypertension, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Disease Progression, Atherosclerosis
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