The DOI matches its Crossref record; 191 of the 191 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cnidarians and the evolutionary origin of the nervous system
Open accessAbstract
Cnidarians are widely regarded as one of the first organisms in animal evolution possessing a nervous system. Conventional histological and electrophysiological studies have revealed a considerable degree of complexity of the cnidarian nervous system. Thanks to expressed sequence tags and genome projects and the availability of functional assay systems in cnidarians, this simple nervous system is now genetically accessible and becomes particularly valuable for understanding the origin and evolution of the genetic control mechanisms underlying its development. In the present review, the anatomical and physiological features of the cnidarian nervous system and the interesting parallels in neurodevelopmental mechanisms between Cnidaria and Bilateria are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Though at least 600 million years of evolution separate cnidarians from bilaterians [9–16], many aspects of the nervous system are conserved, including neuropeptides and neurotransmitters [15–20].”
From The Jellyfish Cassiopea Exhibits a Sleep-like State (2017) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“The publication of several cnidarian genomes has shown that much of the molecular architecture underlying neurogenesis and neuron functioning is conserved between bilaterians and cnidarians [17,47–51].”
From Evolution of eumetazoan nervous systems: insights from cnidarians (2015) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“Nerve net-like arrangements of neurons cover the almost entire ectoderm in cnidarians and ctenophores [61,129,130–136].”
From Gastric pouches and the mucociliary sole: setting the stage for nervous system evolution (2015) · cites this paper as [136]
In the citing paper
“The presence of a well-developed nerve net correlates with the presence of basiepithelial muscle fibres directly innervated by nerve net neurons, in cnidarians and in ctenophores [61,67,128,132,133,135,136,138–142].”
From Gastric pouches and the mucociliary sole: setting the stage for nervous system evolution (2015) · cites this paper as [136]
In the citing paper
“In the cerianthids, a basal cnidarian lineage, the nerve net appears to be of purely ectodermal nature [128], which suggests that the evolution of inner layer neurons occurred independently in ctenophore, cnidarian and bilaterian lineages [136].”
From Gastric pouches and the mucociliary sole: setting the stage for nervous system evolution (2015) · cites this paper as [136]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates
Harrison, F. W. (1991) · Wiley-Liss eBooks · Cited by 2,736
Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life
Dunn, C. W., Hejnol, A., Matus, D. Q., Pang, K., Browne, W. E., Smith, S. A., Seaver, E., Rouse, G. W., Obst, M., Edgecombe, G. D., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06614 · Cited by 1,921 · cited 2×
“Anthozoa is considered to be a representative of the basal group within the Cnidaria (Bridge et al. 1995; Medina et al. 2001; Collins 2002; Dunn et al. 2008).”
BackgroundSea Anemone Genome Reveals Ancestral Eumetazoan Gene Repertoire and Genomic Organization
Putnam, N. H., Srivastava, M., Hellsten, U., Dirks, B., Chapman, J., Salamov, A., Terry, A., Shapiro, H., Lindquist, E., Kapitonov, V. V., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1139158 · Cited by 1,555
CLIP Identifies Nova-Regulated RNA Networks in the Brain
Ule, J., Jensen, K. B., Ruggiu, M., Mele, A., Ule, A., & Darnell, R. B. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1090095 · Cited by 1,120
Structure of a Molluscan Cardioexcitatory Neuropeptide
Price, D. A., & Greenberg, M. J. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.877582 · Cited by 1,064
McMahon, J. A., Takada, S., Zimmerman, L. B., Fan, C., Harland, R. M., & McMahon, A. P. (1998) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.12.10.1438 · Cited by 844
DORSAL-VENTRAL PATTERNING AND NEURAL INDUCTION IN XENOPUS EMBRYOS
De Robertis, E. M., & Kuroda, H. (2004) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.011403.154124 · Cited by 671
Neural induction, the default model and embryonic stem cells
Muñoz-Sanjuán, I., & Brivanlou, A. H. (2002) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn786 · Cited by 645
Mash1regulates neurogenesis in the ventral telencephalon
Casarosa, S., Schuurmans, C. J., & Guillemot, F. (1999) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.126.3.525 · Cited by 639
Settlement and metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae
Chia, F., & Rice, M. E. (1978) · Cited by 636
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Laska G., 1982, Morphologie und Ultrastruktur der Lichtsinnesorgane von Tripedalia cystophora Conant (Cnidaria, Cubozoa), Zool. Jb. Anat, 108, 107
- 10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01972-1 · DOI
- 10.1006/dbio.1999.9360 · DOI
- Mackie G. O., 1984, FMRF‐amide‐like immunoreactivity in the neurons of medusae, Am. Zool, 24, 36A
- Müller W. A., 1969, Auslösung der Metamorphose durch Bakterien bei den Larven von Hydractinia echinata, Zool. Jb. Anat, 86, 84
- Widersten B., 1968, On the morphology and development in some cnidarian larvae, Zool. Bidr. Upps, 37, 139
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–208 of 208
Molecular insight into ion transport for calcification in symbiotic and non-symbiotic corals
Capasso, L. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/341d37d1z90c5z4da7z8f7az77049c4699f4
Nervous system evolution : insights from the sea urchin
Formery, L. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/146c0b8aza71az47ecza2c7zc12baf0f5794
Comparison of cell types across life cycle stages of the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica
Ferraioli, A. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3d74eba7z8f43z44c7zb7bbz37a96dd78d08 · Cited by 1
Ramon-Mateu, J. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d797b2bfz57b2z48bdz9d28z5bc9fb931a34
Pax6-dependent patterning in an annelid informs the evolution of bilaterian nerve cordsPreprint
Doderovic, J., Kolek, M., Zitova, A., Kozmiková, I., & Kozmík, Z. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.27.734823
Dellaert, Z., & Putnam, H. M. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0358454
“…to these inputs differently with specialized cell types; stinging cnido-cyte cells fire when triggered [16,18], mucocytes produce a protective layer of mucus [19,20], and neurons transfer information throughout the polyp, polyp-connecting coenosarc, and to neighboring polyps [15,21] (Fig 1).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Watanabe, H., Fujisawa, T., & Holstein, T. W.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Watanabe, Hiroshi
- Holstein, Thomas W.
- Venue
- Development, Growth & Differentiation
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-03-30
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 167-183
- ISSN
- 0012-1592 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-169X
- OpenAlex
- W1636647670
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 191
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Development Growth & Differentiation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Toyobo Biotechnology Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 488)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Keywords
- Cnidaria, nervous system evolution, brain development, Bilateria, comparative neuroanatomy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cnidaria, Biological Evolution, Nervous System, Phylogeny
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
