Comparison of risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in Japanese singleton pregnancies
Abstract
Aim: To demonstrate the difference between risk factors for gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE). Material and Methods: Using data from women with no essential hypertension and with singleton births between 2001 and 2005 delivering after 22 weeks of gestation at 125 centers in Japan (Japan Perinatal Registry Network) ( n = 241 292), we compared risk factors for GH and PE. Odds ratios were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Of 241 292 women, 2808 (1.2%) developed GH and 6423 (2.7%) developed PE. Thirty‐five years or older, primiparity, diabetes mellitus, and renal disease increased the risk of both hypertensive conditions. Forty years or older was a risk factor only for GH, while primiparity, female baby, and renal disease were risk factors only for PE. Early‐onset was a common risk factor for small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) in GH and PE, but in late‐onset only PE was a risk factor for SGA. The main population of SGA infants was composed of PE cases because PE accounted for 83.3% of early‐onset type before 32 weeks. Girl preponderance in the PE women was observed (sex ratio: boys/girls = 0.904), while slight boy preponderance was seen in normotensive women (1.06) and GH (1.02). Conclusion: Preeclampsia is associated with lower fetal sex ratio (girl preponderance) compared to GH or normotensive. Presence of hypertension is a risk factor for SGA in early‐onset GH and PE, and hypertension and proteinuria are risk factors for SGA in late‐onset group.
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The incidence of preeclampsia varies among different countries and regions, making the disease burden of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy difficult to estimate and prevention difficult among pregnant women globally.
“The incidence of preeclampsia also varies among different countries and regions, and thus the disease burden of HDP is difficult to estimate and HDP prevention is difficult among pregnant women globally [7–11].”
From Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
Advanced maternal age was a risk factor for HDP in a large cohort of Japanese women with singleton pregnancies.
“A large cohort of Japanese women with singleton pregnancies also indicated that advanced maternal age was a risk factor for HDP [10].”
From Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Shiozaki, A., Matsuda, Y., Satoh, S., & Saito, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Toyama (JP)
- Tokyo Women's Medical University (JP)
- Oita Prefectural Hospital (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Saito, Shigeru
- Venue
- Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-09-25
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 492-499
- ISSN
- 1341-8076 (ISSN-L)
- 1447-0756
- OpenAlex
- W1884061380
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 4.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Neurological Complications and Syndromes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Keywords
- gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, risk factors, singleton pregnancy, small for gestational age, fetal sex ratio, primiparity, maternal age, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, proteinuria
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Japan, Male, Middle Aged, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Registries, Risk Factors, Incidence, Prevalence, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
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