Similarities and differences between the risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: A population based cohort study in south China

Li, Xun; Tan, Hongzhuan; Huang, Xin; Zhou, Shujin; Hu, Shimin; Wang, Xiaojuan; Xu, Xin; Liu, Qian; Wen, Shi Wu

doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2015.11.004

Cited by 75Pregnancy and preeclampsia studiesNeurological Complications and SyndromesGestational Diabetes Research and Management

Similarities and differences between the risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: A population based cohort study in south China

Li, Xun, Tan, Hongzhuan, Huang, Xin, Zhou, Shujin, Hu, Shimin, Wang, Xiaojuan, Xu, Xin, Liu, Qian +1 more·2016·Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal of Women's Cardiovascular Health

DOI 10.1016/j.preghy.2015.11.004

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objectives To compare the risk factors for gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) in the same population, which may provide clues to better understanding of their etiologic mechanisms.Methods We conducted a cohort study in Liuyang, China, during 2010-2011. Twelve potential risk factors were investigated, including maternal age, body mass index at first antenatal visit, gender of newborn, parity, abortion history, smoking history, family history of hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy complications of diabetes mellitus/renal disease/cardiac disease, reproductive tract infection, season of delivery, and district level average per capita income. Logistic regression were used to estimate odds ratios for potential risk factors.Results Of 6223 pregnancies, 1.8% was complicated by PE, and 5.4% by GH. Maternal age older than 35, body mass index above 24, and pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus increased the risk of both PE and GH, while with different effect sizes. Primiparity and deliver in winter and spring (compared with summer delivery) were risk factors for GH only. Pregnancy complicated with diabetes mellitus/renal disease/cardiac disease was risk factor for PE only. Significantly lower risk of GH was observed for women younger than 25 or with low body mass index in the first trimester. Mothers carrying a male fetus were more likely to develop PE.Conclusions Risk factors for GH and PE were not exactly the same. Underling those differences might be their different etiology and mechanism. To confirm the similarities and differences been found in single study, it is important to conduct investigation in other population.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.preghy.2015.11.004

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The incidence of preeclampsia varies among different countries and regions, making the disease burden of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy difficult to estimate and prevention difficult among pregnant women globally.
“The incidence of preeclampsia also varies among different countries and regions, and thus the disease burden of HDP is difficult to estimate and HDP prevention is difficult among pregnant women globally [7–11].”
From Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study (2021) · cites this paper as [9]

Untitled work
(2013) · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000437382.03963.88 · Cited by 3,961 · see citing works
Multiple Imputation of Missing Values
Royston, P. (2004) · The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x0400400301 · Cited by 2,340 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For BMI, season of delivery and the income index, the missing data (<8%) were constructed by a multiple imputation method in the multiple logistical regression [21].”
Method
THE CLASSIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF THE HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS OF PREGNANCY: STATEMENT FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY (ISSHP)
Brown, M. A., Lindheimer, M. D., de Swiet, M., Assche, A. V., & Moutquin, J. (2001) · Hypertension in Pregnancy · doi:10.1081/prg-100104165 · Cited by 1,894 · see citing works
Risk factors for pre-eclampsia at antenatal booking: systematic review of controlled studies
Duckitt, K., & Harrington, D. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38380.674340.e0 · Cited by 1,784 · see citing works
The classification, diagnosis and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A revised statement from the ISSHP
Tranquilli, A. L., Dekker, G., Magee, L. A., Roberts, J. M., Sibai, B. M., Steyn, W., Zeeman, G. G., & Brown, M. A. (2014) · Pregnancy Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2014.02.001 · Cited by 1,419 · see citing works
The Classification and Diagnosis of the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Statement from the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP)
Brown, M. A., Lindheimer, M. D., de SWIET, M., et al. (2001) · Hypertension in Pregnancy · doi:10.3109/10641950109152635 · Cited by 1,369 · see citing works
Methods
Booth, G. L., & CHENG, A. Y. Y. (2013) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.010 · Cited by 1,220 · see citing works
Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Executive Summary
Magee, L. A., Pels, A., Helewa, M. E., Rey, É., von Dadelszen, P., Magee, L. A., Audibert, F., Bujold, E., Côté, A., Douglas, M. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30588-0 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
RETIRED: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of the Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Magee, L. A., Helewa, M. E., Rey, É., Cardew, S., Côté, A., Douglas, M. J., Firoz, T., Gibson, P., Gruslin, A., Lange, I. R., et al. (2008) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)32776-1 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Risk factors associated with preeclampsia in healthy nulliparous women
Sibai, B. M., Ewell, M., Levine, R. J., Klebanoff, M. A., Esterlitz, J., Catalano, P. M., Goldenberg, R. L., & Joffe, G. M. (1997) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70004-8 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth restriction, related or independent conditions?
Villar, J., Carroli, G., WOJDYLA, D. M., Abalos, E. J., Giordano, D., Ba’aqeel, H., Farnot, U., Bergsjø, P., Bakketeig, L. S., Lumbiganon, P., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.10.813 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Comparison of Risk Factors for Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension in a Population-based Cohort Study
Ros, H. S., Cnattingius, S., & Lipworth, L. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009400 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Maternal risk factors for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a multivariate approach
Poon, L. C., Kametas, N. A., Chelemen, T., Leal, A., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2009) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2009.45 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Recreational Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Risk of Preeclampsia
Sorensen, T. K., Williams, M. A., Lee, I.-M. M., Dashow, E. E., Thompson, M. L., & Luthy, D. A. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000072270.82815.91 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
The association between preeclampsia and the severity of gestational diabetes: The impact of glycemic control
Yogev, Y., Xenakis, E. M. J., & Langer, O. (2004) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.03.074 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
A Comprehensive Review of Hypertension in Pregnancy
Mustafa, R. A., Ahmed, S., Gupta, A., & Venuto, R. C. (2012) · Journal of Pregnancy · doi:10.1155/2012/105918 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Does gestational hypertension become pre‐eclampsia?
Saudan, P., Brown, M. A., Buddle, M. L., & Jones, M. (1998) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb09971.x · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Offspring sex and pregnancy outcome by length of gestation
VATTEN, L. J., & Skjærven, R. (2003) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.10.006 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Association between Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
Bryson, C. L. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg273 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for preeclampsia: the Generation R Study
Silva, L. M., Coolman, M., Steegers, E. A., Jaddoe, V. W., Moll, H. A., Hofman, A., Mackenbach, J. P., & Raat, H. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282fcc36e · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Preeclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Role of Altered Angiogenesis and Insulin Resistance
Wolf, M. S., Hubel, C. A., Lam, C. S., Sampson, M., Ecker, J. L., Ness, R. B., Rajakumar, A., Daftary, A. R., Shakir, A. S. M., Seely, E. W., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0548 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Change in Paternity
Trupin, L. S., Simon, L. P., & Eskenazi, B. (1996) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199605000-00004 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
Zhang, J., Zeisler, J., HATCH, M. C., & Berkowitz, G. S. (1997) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017954 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Hypertension in pregnancy: an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Garovic, V. D., & Hayman, S. R. (2007) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/ncpneph0623 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Gestational diabetes and preeclampsia
Östlund, I., Haglund, B., & Hanson, U. (2003) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.07.001 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Preeclampsia in the parous woman: Who is at risk?
Mostello, D., Catlin, T. K., Roman, L., Holcomb, W. L., & Leet, T. L. (2002) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2002.123608 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Abortion, Changed Paternity, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Nulliparous Women
Saftlas, A. F. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg101 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Job Stress and Preeclampsia
Klonoff-Cohen, H. S., Cross, J. L., & Pieper, C. F. (1996) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199605000-00005 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Maternal adiposity as an independent risk factor for pre‐eclampsia: a meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Wang, Z., Wang, P., Liu, H., He, X., Zhang, J., Yan, H., Xu, D., & Wang, B. (2013) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12025 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Obstetrics and Gynecology
(2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17209-60 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Association of uric acid with progression to preeclampsia and development of adverse conditions in gestational hypertensive pregnancies
Wu, Y., Xiong, X., Fraser, W. D., & Luo, Z. (2012) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2012.18 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Insulin receptor and ageing
Fülöp, T., Larbi, A., & Douziech, N. (2003) · Pathologie Biologie · doi:10.1016/j.patbio.2003.09.007 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Preeclampsia: No longer solely a pregnancy disease
Tranquilli, A. L., Landi, B., Giannubilo, S. R., & Sibai, B. M. (2012) · Pregnancy Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2012.05.006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Epidemiological studies on primipaternity and immunology in preeclampsia – a statement after twelve years of workshops
Robillard, P., Dekker, G., Chaouat, G., Hulsey, T. C., & Saftlas, A. F. (2011) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2011.02.003 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The relationship between induced abortion and outcome of subsequent pregnancies
Linn, S., Schoenbaum, S. C., Monson, R. R., ROSNER, B. A., Stubblefield, P. G., & Ryan, K. J. (1983) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(83)91041-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Fetal sex and the circulating renin–angiotensin system during early gestation in women who later develop preeclampsia or gestational hypertension
Sykes, S. D., Pringle, K. G., Zhou, A., Dekker, G., Roberts, C. T., & Lumbers, E. R. (2013) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2013.51 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Seasonal Trend in the Occurrence of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia in Texas
Wellington, K., & Mulla, Z. D. (2011) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1038/ajh.2011.173 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Pregnancy-induced hypertension is associated with an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese women
Watanabe, K., Kimura, C., Iwasaki, A., Mori, T., Matsushita, H., Shinohara, K., Wakatsuki, A., Gosho, M., & Miyano, I. (2014) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000361 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Maternal Chronic HBV Infection Would Not Increase the Risk of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension – Results from Pregnancy Cohort in Liuyang Rural China
Huang, X., Tan, H., Li, X., Zhou, S., Wen, S. W., & Luo, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114248 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Seasonal variation in the prevalence of preeclampsia.
Pitakkarnkul, S., Phaloprakarn, C., Wiriyasirivaj, B., Manusirivithaya, S., & Tangjitgamol, S. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 16 · see citing works
[Progression of gestational hypertension to preeclampsia].
Romero-Arauz, J. F., Ortiz-Díaz, C. B., Leaños‐Miranda, A., & Martínez-Rodríguez, Ó. A. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03809-2 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Comparison of risk factors and outcomes of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia
Shen, M., Smith, G. N., Rodger, M. A., White, R. R., WALKER, M. C., & Wen, S. W. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175914 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citation
Fetal sex and maternal pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Broere-Brown, Z. A., Adank, M. C., Benschop, L. H., Tielemans, M. J., Muka, T., Gonçalves, R., Bramer, W. M., Schoufour, J. D., Voortman, T., Steegers, E. A. P., et al. (2020) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-020-00299-3 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
“Crude effect estimate (95% CI) p value Covariate adjustment Adjusted effect estimate (95% CI) p value Pre-eclampsia Aibar et al. 2012 [31] Logistic regression F 0.99 (0.65–1.49) 0.94 Aliyu et al. 2012 [32] Logistic regression F 0.90 (0.79–1.03) 0.12 Andersen et al. 2016 [15] Logistic regression Total F 0.95 (0.69–1.31…”
Influential
Systematic Characterization of Autophagy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Ji, L., Chen, Z., Xu, Y., Xiong, G., Liu, R., Wu, C., Hu, H., & Wang, L. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2016-1922 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Dietary patterns and the risk of pregnancy‐associated hypertension in the Danish National Birth Cohort: a prospective longitudinal study
Ikem, E., Halldorsson, T. I., Birgisdóttir, B. E., Rasmussen, M. A., Olsen, S. F., & Maslova, E. (2019) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.15593 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Impact of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia on preterm birth in China: a large prospective cohort study
An, H., Jin, M., Li, Z., Zhang, L., Li, H., Zhang, Y., Ye, R., & Li, N. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058068 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
A Review of Research Progress of Pregnancy with Twins with Preeclampsia
Wang, Y., Wu, N., & Shen, H. (2021) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s304040 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hypertension in pregnancy: Prevalence, risk factors and outcomes for women birthing in Ireland
Corrigan, L., O’Farrell, A., Moran, P. S., & Daly, D. (2021) · Pregnancy Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2021.02.005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Risk factors for adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in women with preeclampsia: analysis of 1396 cases
Li, X., Zhang, W., Lin, J.-H., Liu, H., Yang, Z., Teng, Y., Duan, S., Lin, X., Xie, Y., Li, Y., et al. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.13302 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
The association between smoking during pregnancy and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Wang, J., Yang, W., Xiao, W., & Cao, S. (2022) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.13709 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, associated factors and pregnancy complications in a primigravida population
Mathew, R. M., Devanesan, B. P., Srijana, & Sreedevi, N. (2023) · Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.gocm.2023.01.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Exposure to air pollution during preconceptional and prenatal periods and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study in Seoul, Korea
Choe, S., Jun, Y.-B., & Kim, S. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1982-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Associations of maternal gestational hypertension with high blood pressure and overweight/obesity in their adolescent offspring: a retrospective cohort study
Kučienė, R., & Dulskienė, V. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07903-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
New medical risks affecting obstetrics after implementation of the two-child policy in China
Li, Q., & Deng, D. (2017) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-017-0552-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Vegetable dietary pattern associated with low risk of preeclampsia possibly through reducing proteinuria
Mi, B., Wen, X., Li, S., Liu, D., Lei, F., Liu, R., Shen, Y. L., Chen, Y., Zeng, L., Liu, X., et al. (2019) · Pregnancy Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2019.04.001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system gene polymorphisms in gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: A case–control gene-association study
Li, X., Tan, H., Zhou, S., Hu, S., Zhang, T., Li, Y., Dou, Q., Lai, Z., & Chen, F. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep38030 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citation
Risk Factors for Preeclampsia
Shiozaki, A., & Saito, S. (2018) · Comprehensive Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5891-2_1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The effect of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP): a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies involving 50 million pregnancies
Xiong, Y., Chen, J., Wu, Y., Zhao, P., Liao, M., Guo, J., Liu, C., Zheng, M., Ren, Y., Zou, K., et al. (2025) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103395 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Galectin-1 as a novel risk factor for both gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, specifially its expression at a low level in the second trimester and a high level after onset
Hirashima, C., Ohkuchi, A., Nagayama, S., Suzuki, H., Takahashi, K., Ogoyama, M., Takahashi, H., Shirasuna, K., & Matsubara, S. (2017) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2017.85 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Circulating fetal and total cell-free DNA, and sHLA-G in black South African women with gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia
Eche, S., Mackraj, I., & Moodley, J. (2017) · Hypertension in Pregnancy · doi:10.1080/10641955.2017.1385794 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“condition and should be treated as such (31,32).”
Background
Revisiting the discriminatory accuracy of traditional risk factors in preeclampsia screening
Rodríguez‐López, M., Wagner, P., Vicente, R. P., Crispi, F., & Merlo, J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178528 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Incidence and Clinical Risk Factors for Preeclampsia and Its Subtypes: A Population-Based Study in Beijing, China
Lin, L., Huai, J., Su, R., Wang, C., Li, X., & Yang, H. (2021) · Maternal-Fetal Medicine · doi:10.1097/fm9.0000000000000099 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“65%, which corresponds to the commonly reported 2%–5% incidence rate of PE in the Chinese population.(22) The results also showed that the gestational week-specific incidence of PE was higher in women who delivered prematurely.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Epidemiological Trends of Maternal Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy at the Global, Regional, and National Levels: A Population-Based StudyPreprint
Wang, W., Xie, X., Ting, Y., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-146936/v1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Preconception blood pressure and risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: a large cohort study in China
Li, N., An, H., Li, Z., Ye, R., Zhang, L., Li, H., & Liu, J. (2020) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-020-0438-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Association of Familial Hypertension and Risk of Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia
Lewandowska, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18137045 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Maternal serum level of resistin is associated with risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
Hu, S., Chen, M., & Tan, H. (2019) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v7.i5.585 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association of induced abortion with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy risk among nulliparous women in China: a prospective cohort study
Su, Y., Xie, X., Zhou, Y., Lin, H., Li, Y., Feng, N., & Luo, J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61827-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS Combined With Biochemical Analysis to Determine the Growth and Development of Mothers and Fetuses in Different Gestation Periods on Tibetan Sow Model
Zhang, L., Tan, C., Xin, Z., Huang, S., Ma, J., Zhang, M., Shu, G., Luo, H., Deng, B., Jiang, Q., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.836938 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Association Between Season and Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Liao, L., Wei, X., Liu, M., Gao, Y., Yin, Y., & Zhou, R. (2022) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-022-01010-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effects of Air Pollution Exposure during Preconception and Pregnancy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Cao, L., Diao, R., Shi, X., Cao, L., Gong, Z., Zhang, X., Yan, X., Wang, T., & Mao, H. (2023) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics11090728 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“For nulliparous women, the abnormal immune response to the initial exposure of fetal-derived villi leads to GDM, and maternal exposure to air pollution may aggravate this immune response [62,63].”
Background
Association of age at menarche with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: A large prospective cohort in China
An, H., Liu, X., Li, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Ye, R., & Li, N. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14737 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Association of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in China: a large prospective cohort study
An, H., Jin, M., Li, Z., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Li, H., Liu, J., Ye, R., & Li, N. (2022) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003150 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia may have important etiologic differences [32].”
Background
Pre-gravid predictors of new onset hypertension in pregnancy − Results from a pre-conception cohort study in China
Wen, S. W., Tan, H., Retnakaran, R. R., Shen, M., Zhou, S., Xie, R., Smith, G. N., Davidge, S. T., Trasler, J. M., & WALKER, M. C. (2017) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.05.008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reference ranges and trajectories for blood pressure in pregnancy: findings from a follow-up study based on China Maternal and Newborn’s Health Monitoring System
Ma, Y., Zhang, X., Che, Q., Wu, K., Zhao, W., Hu, H., Yang, Q., Huang, A., & Chen, D. (2020) · Hypertension in Pregnancy · doi:10.1080/10641955.2020.1742350 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Plasma Levels of Vitamin A in Early Pregnancy and Correlationship with Hypertensive Disorder
Lv, J., Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., He, Y., Yang, H., Zhang, H., & Wang, X. (2022) · Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/3081720 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“4%, so it is a medical difficulty recognized by the global public health undertaking [2].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Health effects of air pollution on maternal preeclampsia in a rural area of China: A population-based cohort study
Zenghui, X., Lili, X., Mengjun, Z., Wang, A., Xie, Z., Xie, D., He, J., Hua, X., & Xu, Z. (2023) · Atmospheric Pollution Research · doi:10.1016/j.apr.2023.101697 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Prevalence and associated factors with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in obstetric risk ages. Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, Cuenca 2019
Peralta, T. A. Á., Cárdenas, J. P. T., & Torres, Z. K. S. (2023) · Salud Ciencia y Tecnología · doi:10.56294/saludcyt2023357 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Associations of Diabetes, Mental Health, and Asthma with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Population-based Case-Control Study in Alberta, Canada
Serrano-Lomelin, J. A., Smith, G. N., Davidge, S. T., Riddell, M. R., Chari, R. S., Crawford, S., Bakal, J. A., & Ospina, M. B. (2024) · Pregnancy Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2024.101172 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Season of conception and risk of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy
Xie, Y., Mu, Y., Chen, P., Wang, Y., Li, X., Dai, L., Liu, Z., Li, Q., Li, M., Liang, J., et al. (2025) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07210-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
The incidence and influencing factors of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy in hangzhou, China, between 2012 and 2021
Chen, Y., Wu, B., Zhang, H., Chu, X., Huang, L., Wang, Y., & Liang, X. (2025) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41680 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Li et al. also showed that AMA will increase the risk of PE and GH, but the size of the impact is different, while women ≤ 25 years old or with low body mass index in early pregnancy have a significantly reduced risk of GH [28].”
Association between ELABELA Serum Concentrations in First Trimester and Pregnancy‐Induced Hypertension
Ma, S., Guo, C., Zhang, J., Long, S., Tan, H., & You, Y. (2020) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2020/2051701 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Despite great efforts have been made to investigate the pathogenesis of GH and PE, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated [4].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
The association between a history of induced abortion for nonmedical reasons and maternal and neonatal perinatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Zhang, S., Lu, C., Zhao, Q., Xiang, Y., He, W., Qu, Y., Zhang, Y., Dong, W., & Lei, X. (2025) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2025.2466207 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Male newborn as a determinant of severe preeclampsia: a case-control study
Adam, G. K., Nasralla, K., Munder, O., AlHabardi, N., & Adam, I. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16346-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Furthermore, in a large study conducted in South China, it was found that preeclampsia occurred in 1.8% of 6,223 pregnancies and that it was associated with female newborns 30 .”
Influential
PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE IN SELECTED PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
Firisa, W., Onsongo, L. N., & Mugo, J. W. (2021) · Journal of Health Medicine and Nursing · doi:10.47604/jhmn.1365 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Twin pregnancies and maternal cardiovascular function: literature review and future prospects
Foglietta, M., D’Antonio, F., Pierdomenico, S. D., Bacigalupi, E., & Pizzicannella, J. (2023) · Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology · doi:10.36253/ijae-14700 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…and additional stress on the maternal cardiovascular system due to higher circulation volume; therefore, in twin pregnancies mother’s heart has a higher risk of decompensation correlating to increased risk of complication such as pre-eclampsia (Francisco et al., 2017 and Li X et al., 2016).”
Background
A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study identifies novel candidate loci in the RARB gene associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Mack, J. A., Burkholder, A., Akhtari, F. S., House, J. S., Sovio, U., Smith, G. C. S., Schmitt, C., Fargo, D. C., Hall, J. E., & Motsinger‐Reif, A. A. (2024) · Human Genetics and Genomics Advances · doi:10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100385 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Machine learning-based management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: analysis of differences in key risk factors between gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia and construction of a pre-eclampsia prediction model
Chen, Y., Shi, X., Wang, Z., & Zhang, L. (2025) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-025-03407-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Similarly, Li et al. [11] enrolled 6,223 pregnant participants and applied LR to compare the risk factors for GH and PE; they found that factors including age, BMI, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were associated with both conditions.”
Association of Smoking, Drinking by Couples and Their Interaction With Pre‐Eclampsia: A Prospective Cohort Study in Central China
Chen, Y., Lei, R., Li, Z., Tang, J., Zou, Q., Yuan, P., Luo, M., Sun, M., Wang, T., & Qin, J. (2025) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.70164 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…finding of a positive association between maternal active smoking 3 months before pregnancy and PE differs from Western studies reporting negative associations [4, 15, 16], which aligns with recent evidence from Japanese and Chinese cohorts showing no protective effect of smoking on PE [17, 18].”
Low Expression of Calcitriol Level and Interleukin-10 and Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 Alpha Expression on Placenta
Suwiyoga, I. K., Astawa, I. N. M., Jawi, I. M., & Putra, I. W. A. (2023) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2023.11213 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ambient Temperature and Reproductive Health Outcomes
Lu, M., Zhao, X., Wei, D., Zhang, J., Li, Y., He, J., Xia, H., & Qiu, X. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2583-0_6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study identifies novel candidate loci in the RARB gene associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancyPreprint
Mack, J. A., Burkholder, A., Akhtari, F. S., House, J. S., Sovio, U., Smith, G. C. S., Schmitt, C., Fargo, D. C., Hall, J. E., & Motsinger‐Reif, A. A. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.23297806 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Low Expression Of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-me) On Placenta Tissue As A Risk Factor Of Pre-eclampsia
N, J. K. A. A., Suwiyoga, K., Mantik, A. N., & Sukrama, D. M. (2018) · Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal · doi:10.13005/bpj/1460
Questionnaire survey on association between preeclampsia and incontinentia pigmenti
Sun, X., Yu, Y., Si, D., Gao, S., & Wang, P. (2019) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.13983
FAKTOR IBU, JANIN DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT SEBAGAI RISIKO PREEKLAMPSIA DI ASIA DAN AFRIKA: SUATU META-ANALISIS
Ayunani, M., Nurrachmawati, A., & Susanti, R. (2020) · Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi · doi:10.22435/kespro.v10i2.2357
“…32742 2884347 Lee et al., 2000 Taiwan Kohort Riwayat preeklampsia, Kehamilan multipel, IMT prakehamilan, Usia ibu >34 tahun, Nulliparitas 415 29735 Li et al., 2015 China Kohort Usia ibu, IMT prakehamilan >24 kg/m 2 , Diabetes gestasional 111 6223 Mrema et al., 2018 Tanzania Kohort Indeks massa…”
Background
ГИПЕРТЕНЗИВНЫЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ У БЕРЕМЕННЫХ ЖЕНЩИН С УЧЁТОМ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА
Olimova, F. Z., & Dodkhoeva, M. F. (2018) · Avicenna Bulletin · doi:10.25005/2074-0581-2018-20-4-467-472
Bax Expression of Throphoblast Cells did not Differ between Early and Late Onset Preeclampsia
Ariyana, M., Hadiati, D. R., Rachman, I. T., & Purnomosari, D. (2021) · Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.32771/inajog.v9i3.1430
The Association between Season and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisPreprint
Liao, L., Wei, X., Liu, M., Gao, Y., Yin, Y., & Zhou, R. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1020061/v1
The Incidence and Influencing Factors of Hypertensive Disorders During Pregnancy in Hangzhou, China, 2012-2021Preprint
Chen, Y., Wu, B., Zhang, H., Chu, X., Huang, L., & Wang, Y. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4498425
The Association between a History of Induced Abortion for Nonmedical Reasons and Maternal and Neonatal Perinatal Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort StudyPreprint
Zhang, S., Lu, C., Zhao, Q., Zhang, L., Xiang, Y., He, W., Qu, Y., Zhang, Y., Dong, W., & Lei, X. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3970069/v1
Air Quality and Maternal Health: Exploring the Connection to Preeclampsia
Erenler, A. Ş., & Melekoğlu, R. (2024) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub492.c2058
The different impacts of ambient air pollution exposure on the risks of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in twin pregnancies
Tang, W., Xu, H., Cai, Q., Pan, Y.-R., Chen, H.-W., Jia, Y.-T., Liu, T., Wang, Y. H., Han, F., & Zhou, N. (2025) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2025.117505
Additional file 4 of Fetal sex and maternal pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Broere-Brown, Z. A., Adank, M. C., Benschop, L. H., Tielemans, M. J., Muka, T., Gonçalves, R., Bramer, W. M., Schoufour, J. D., Voortman, T., Steegers, E. A. P., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12284951
Additional file 3 of Fetal sex and maternal pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Broere-Brown, Z. A., Adank, M. C., Benschop, L. H., Tielemans, M. J., Muka, T., Gonçalves, R., Bramer, W. M., Schoufour, J. D., Voortman, T., Steegers, E. A. P., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12284948
Additional file 4 of Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14561252
Additional file 5 of Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14561255
Additional file 9 of Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14561267
Additional file 6 of Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14561258
Additional file 1 of Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14561243
Additional file 2 of Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14561246
Additional file 3 of Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14561249
Additional file 1 of Fetal sex and maternal pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Broere-Brown, Z. A., Adank, M. C., Benschop, L. H., Tielemans, M. J., Muka, T., Gonçalves, R., Bramer, W. M., Schoufour, J. D., Voortman, T., Steegers, E. A. P., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12284939
Additional file 8 of Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14561264
Additional file 7 of Epidemiological trends of maternal hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at the global, regional, and national levels: a population‐based study
Wang, W., Xie, X., Yuan, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, F., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, H. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14561261
Additional file 2 of Fetal sex and maternal pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Broere-Brown, Z. A., Adank, M. C., Benschop, L. H., Tielemans, M. J., Muka, T., Gonçalves, R., Bramer, W. M., Schoufour, J. D., Voortman, T., Steegers, E. A. P., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12284942
Late-pregnancy air pollution exposure and neonatal anthropometry with and without gestational hypertension
Hung, T., Hsu, T., Ou, C., Lo, L., Shaw, S. W., & Wan, G. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.117029
“This pattern may suggest that some anthropometric measures were more affected than others in pregnancies complicated by GH.”
Influential

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome—an overview
Sridevi, C., & Raju, P. K. (2011) · Journal of Indian College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s1561-8811(11)80022-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: a multivariate logistic regression analysis in a less-developed province in south-central China, 2012–2022
Han, T., Gao, J., Wu, Y., & Zhou, X. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-09821-8
Comparison of risk factors and outcomes of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia
Shen, M., Smith, G. N., Rodger, M. A., White, R. R., WALKER, M. C., & Wen, S. W. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175914 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparison of Risk Factors for Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension in a Population-based Cohort Study
Ros, H. S., Cnattingius, S., & Lipworth, L. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009400 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Comparison of risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in Japanese singleton pregnancies
Shiozaki, A., Matsuda, Y., Satoh, S., & Saito, S. (2013) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.01990.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works

Authors: Li, X., Tan, H., Huang, X., Zhou, S., Hu, S., Wang, X., Xu, X., Liu, Q., & Wen, S. W.
Affiliations: Central South University (CN)
Liuyang City Maternal and Child Health Hospital (CN)
University of Ottawa (CA)
Corresponding author: Tan, Hongzhuan
ORCID: Li, Xun
Tan, Hongzhuan
Huang, Xin
Hu, Shimin
Xu, Xin
Wen, Shi Wu
Venue: Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal of Women's Cardiovascular Health
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-01
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Pages: 66-71
ISSN: 2210-7789 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2015.11.004
OpenAlex: W2189346858
Cited by: 75
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
FWCI: 4.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Pregnancy Hypertension (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China (30872167)
Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation (CX2013B098)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Neurological Complications and Syndromes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
Keywords: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, risk factors, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal age, body mass index, primiparity, fetal sex, family history of hypertension, reproductive tract infections, per capita income, etiology
MeSH terms: Adult, Blood Pressure, China, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis, Chi-Square Distribution, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Risk Assessment, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Similarities and differences between the risk factors for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: A population based cohort study in south China

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks