Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective amplification of S-cone signals between the lateral geniculate nucleno and primary visual cortex measured with high-field fMRI
Open accessAbstract
The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is the primary thalamic nucleus that relays visual information from the retina to the primary visual cortex (V1) and has been extensively studied in non-human primates. A key feature of the LGN is the segregation of retinal inputs into different cellular layers characterized by their differential responses to red-green (RG) color (L/M opponent), blue-yellow (BY) color (S-cone opponent) and achromatic (Ach) contrast. In this study we use high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (4 tesla, 3.6 x 3.6 x 3 mm(3)) to record simultaneously the responses of the human LGN and V1 to chromatic and Ach contrast to investigate the LGN responses to color, and how these are modified as information transfers between LGN and cortex. We find that the LGN has a robust response to RG color contrast, equal to or greater than the Ach response, but a significantly poorer sensitivity to BY contrast. In V1 at low temporal rates (2 Hz), however, the sensitivity of the BY color pathway is selectively enhanced, rising in relation to the RG and Ach responses. We find that this effect generalizes across different stimulus contrasts and spatial stimuli (1-d and 2-d patterns), but is selective for temporal frequency, as it is not found for stimuli at 8 Hz. While the mechanism of this cortical enhancement of BY color vision and its dynamic component is unknown, its role may be to compensate for a weak BY signal originating from the sparse distribution of neurons in the retina and LGN.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
It is possible to cover a wide visual field with an overrepresentation of the foveal region using LGN prostheses, thus restoring possibly high-acuity artificial vision.
“Second, it is possible to cover a wide visual field with an overrepresentation of the foveal region, thus restoring possibly high-acuity artificial vision [79].”
From Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges (2022) · cites this paper as [79]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Brainard, D. H. (1997) · Spatial Vision · doi:10.1163/156856897x00357 · Cited by 19,308 · see citing works
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798 · see citing works
The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies
Pelli, D. G. (1997) · Spatial Vision · doi:10.1163/156856897x00366 · Cited by 11,110 · see citing works
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565 · see citing works
Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation.
Ogawa, S., Lee, T. M., Kay, A. R., & Tank, D. W. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9868 · Cited by 6,483 · see citing works
A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI data
Sled, J. G., Zijdenbos, A. P., & Evans, A. C. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.668698 · Cited by 4,731 · see citing works
Automatic 3D intersubject registration of MR volumetric data in standardized Talairach space
Collins, D. L., Neelin, P., Peters, T. M., & Evans, A. C. (1994) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-199403000-00005 · Cited by 3,431 · cited 7× · see citing works
“2. t-statistical maps of one subject (JS) showing a coronal (A and B) and axial view (C and D) of the left and right hemispheres in stereotaxic space (Talairach & Tournoux, 1988; Collins et al., 1994).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialEvent-Related fMRI: Characterizing Differential Responses
Friston, K. J., Fletcher, P. C., Josephs, O., Holmes, A., Rugg, M. D., & Turner, R. (1998) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1997.0306 · Cited by 2,017 · see citing works
Chromatic mechanisms in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque.
Derrington, A. M., Krauskopf, J., & Lennie, P. (1984) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015499 · Cited by 1,616 · see citing works
Deconvolution of impulse response in event-related BOLD fMRI.
Glover, G. (1999) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0419 · Cited by 1,532 · see citing works
Spectral sensitivity of the foveal cone photopigments between 400 and 500 nm
Smith, V. C., & Pokorny, J. (1975) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(75)90203-5 · Cited by 1,318 · see citing works
A General Statistical Analysis for fMRI Data
Worsley, K. J., Liao, C. H., Aston, J. A. D., Petre, V., Duncan, G. H., Morales, F., & Evans, A. C. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0933 · Cited by 1,170 · see citing works
Spatial and temporal contrast sensitivities of neurones in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque.
Derrington, A. M., & Lennie, P. (1984) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015498 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
Engel, S. A., Rumelhart, D. E., Wandell, B. A., Lee, A. T.-J., Glover, G. H., Chichilnisky, E. J., & Shadlen, M. N. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/369525a0 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
The contrast sensitivity of human colour vision to red‐green and blue‐yellow chromatic gratings.
Mullen, K. T. (1985) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015591 · Cited by 976 · see citing works
Attention modulates responses in the human lateral geniculate nucleus
O’Connor, D. H., Fukui, M. M., Pinsk, M. A., & Kästner, S. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn957 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
A physiological correlate of the 'spotlight' of visual attention
Brefczynski, J. A., & DeYoe, E. A. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/7280 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Spatial attention affects brain activity in human primary visual cortex
Gandhi, S., Heeger, D. J., & Boynton, G. M. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.3314 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Coding of image contrast in central visual pathways of the macaque monkey
Sclar, G., Maunsell, J. H. R., & Lennie, P. (1990) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(90)90123-3 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Functional MRI reveals spatially specific attentional modulation in human primary visual cortex
Somers, D. C., Dale, A. M., Seiffert, A. E., & Tootell, R. B. H. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.4.1663 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Distribution and morphology of human cone photoreceptors stained with anti‐blue opsin
Curcio, C. A., Allen, K. A., Sloan, K., Lerea, C. L., Hurley, J. B., Klock, I. B., & Milam, A. (1991) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903120411 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
X and Y cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque monkeys.
Kaplan, E., & Shapley, R. M. (1982) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014333 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Chromatic mechanisms in striate cortex of macaque
Lennie, P., Krauskopf, J., & Sclar, G. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-02-00649.1990 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Cat and monkey retinal ganglion cells and their visual functional roles
Shapley, R. M., & Perry, V. H. (1986) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(86)90064-0 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Luminance and chromatic modulation sensitivity of macaque ganglion cells and human observers
Lee, B. B., Pokorny, J., Martin, P. R., Valbergt, A., & Smith, V. C. (1990) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.7.002223 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
The spatial transformation of color in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey
Johnson, E. N., Hawken, M. J., & Shapley, R. M. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/86061 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Colour tuning in human visual cortex measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Engel, S. A., Zhang, X., & Wandell, B. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/40398 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Evidence that Blue‐on Cells are Part of the Third Geniculocortical Pathway in Primates
Martin, P. R., White, A. J. R., Goodchild, A. K., Wilder, H. D., & Sefton, A. E. (1997) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01509.x · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Spatial structure of cone inputs to receptive fields in primate lateral geniculate nucleus
Reid, R. C., & Shapley, R. M. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/356716a0 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Merigan, W., Katz, L., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1991) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-04-00994.1991 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Colour coding in the primate retina: diverse cell types and cone-specific circuitry
Dacey, D. M., & PACKER, O. S. (2003) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(03)00103-x · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal variation of chromatic and achromatic contrast thresholds
Kelly, D. H. (1983) · Journal of the Optical Society of America · doi:10.1364/josa.73.000742 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Parallel colour-opponent pathways to primary visual cortex
Chatterjee, S., & Callaway, E. M. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02167 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Representation of Color Stimuli in Awake Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
Wächtler, T., Sejnowski, T. J., & Albright, T. D. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00035-7 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Functional Imaging of the Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Pulvinar
Kastner, S., O'Connor, D. H., Fukui, M. M., Fehd, H. M., Herwig, U., & Pinsk, M. A. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00553.2003 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Detection mechanisms in L-, M-, and S-cone contrast space
Cole, G. R., Hine, T. J., & McIlhagga, W. (1993) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.10.000038 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Some transformations of color information from lateral geniculate nucleus to striate cortex
Valois, R. L. D., Cottaris, N. P., Elfar, S. D., Mahon, L. E., & Wilson, J. A. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4997 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Temporal dynamics of chromatic tuning in macaque primary visual cortex
Cottaris, N. P., & Valois, R. L. D. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/27666 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Schneider, K. A., Richter, M. C., & Kästner, S. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2413-04.2004 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Human primary visual cortex and lateral geniculate nucleus activation during visual imagery
Chen, W., Kato, T., Zhu, X., Ogawa, S., Tank, D. W., & Uǧurbil, K. (1998) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199811160-00019 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Cone Inputs in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
Johnson, E. N., Hawken, M. J., & Shapley, R. M. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01043.2003 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Spatial and Temporal Properties of Cone Signals in Alert Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
Conway, B. R., & Livingstone, M. S. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2091-06.2006 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
White, A. J. R., Solomon, S. G., & Martin, P. R. (2001) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0519a.x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Detunable transverse electromagnetic (TEM) volume coil for high‐field NMR
Vaughan, J. T., Adriany, G., Garwood, M., Yacoub, E. S., Duong, T. Q., DelaBarre, L. J., Andersen, P. E., & Uǧurbil, K. (2002) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.10141 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Sankeralli, M. J., & Mullen, K. T. (1997) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.14.002633 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Pattern and flicker detection analysed by subthreshold summation.
King-Smith, P. E., & Kulikowski, J. J. (1975) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1975.sp011028 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Chromatic Gain Controls in Visual Cortical Neurons
Solomon, S. G., & Lennie, P. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5316-04.2005 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Specializations for Chromatic and Temporal Signals in Human Visual Cortex
Liu, J. V., & Wandell, B. A. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4206-04.2005 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Mullen, K. T., Dumoulin, S. O., McMahon, K. L., de Zubicaray, G. I., & Hess, R. F. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05302.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Estimation of the L-, M-, and S-cone weights of the postreceptoral detection mechanisms
Sankeralli, M. J., & Mullen, K. T. (1996) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.13.000906 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Absence of smooth motion perception in color vision
Mullen, K. T., & Boulton, J. (1992) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(92)90240-j · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Solomon, S. G., White, A. J. R., & Martin, P. R. (1999) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0907s.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Chen, W., Zhu, X., Thulborn, K. R., & Uǧurbil, K. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2430 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Computation of cone contrasts for color vision research
Cole, G. R., & Hine, T. J. (1992) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03203465 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Mapping of lateral geniculate nucleus activation during visual stimulation in human brain using fMRI
Chen, W., Kato, T., Zhu, X., Strupp, J., Ogawa, S., & Uǧurbil, K. (1998) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910390115 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Schluppeck, D., & Engel, S. A. (2002) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/2.6.5 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Lateral geniculate nucleus: anatomic and functional identification by use of MR imaging.
Fujita, N., Tanaka, H., Takanashi, M., Hirabuki, N., Abe, K., Yoshimura, H., & Nakamura, H. (2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Automatic volumetric segmentation of human visual retinotopic cortex
Dumoulin, S. O., Hoge, R. D., Baker, C. L., Hess, R. F., Achtman, R. L., & Evans, A. C. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(02)00058-7 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Cone Inputs to Simple and Complex Cells in V1 of Awake Macaque
Horwitz, G. D., Chichilnisky, E. J., & Albright, T. D. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00965.2006 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Failures of isoluminance caused by ocular chromatic aberrations
Bradley, A. T., Zhang, X., & Thibos, L. N. (1992) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.31.003657 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cottaris, N. P. (2003) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.20.001694 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Mullen, K. T., Thompson, B. S., & Hess, R. F. (2010) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/8.6.808 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Worsley (1996) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1996)4:1
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Imaging retinotopic maps in the human brain
Wandell, B. A., & Winawer, J. A. (2010) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.08.004 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Lewis, P. M., Ackland, H. M., Lowery, A. J., & Rosenfeld, J. V. (2015) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.020 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Deficient responses from the lateral geniculate nucleus in humans with amblyopia
Hess, R. F., Thompson, B. S., Gole, G. A., & Mullen, K. T. (2009) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06650.x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Temporal frequency and chromatic processing in humans: An fMRI study of the cortical visual areas
D'Souza, D. V., Auer, T., Strasburger, H., Frahm, J., & Lee, B. B. (2011) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/11.8.8 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Color signals through dorsal and ventral visual pathways
Conway, B. R. (2013) · Visual Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/s0952523813000382 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Functional mapping of the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of human LGN
Denison, R. N., Vu, A. T., Yacoub, E. S., Feinberg, D. A., & Silver, M. A. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.019 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Leh, S. E., Ptito, A., Schönwiesner, M., Chakravarty, M. M., & Mullen, K. T. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21217 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The Amblyopic Deficit and Its Relationship to Geniculo-Cortical Processing Streams
Hess, R. F., Thompson, B. S., Gole, G. A., & Mullen, K. T. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.01060.2009 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Mullen, K. T., Thompson, B. S., & Hess, R. F. (2010) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/10.13.13 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Advances in visual prostheses: engineering and biological challenges
Borda, E., & Ghezzi, D. (2022) · Progress in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1088/2516-1091/ac812c · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Representation of S-Cone Signals in Primary Visual Cortex
Johnson, E. N., Hooser, S. D. V., & Fitzpatrick, D. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1428-10.2010 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Cortical Hyper‐Excitability in Migraine in Response to Chromatic Patterns
Haigh, S. M., Chamanzar, A., Grover, P., & Behrmann, M. (2019) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.13620 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Two temporal channels in human V1 identified using fMRI
Horiguchi, H., Nakadomari, S., Misaki, M., & Wandell, B. A. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.078 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Signals Related to Color in the Early Visual Cortex
Horwitz, G. D. (2020) · Annual Review of Vision Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081801 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Mullen, K. T., Chang, D. H. F., & Hess, R. F. (2015) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13090 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Oculomotor Distraction by Signals Invisible to the Retinotectal and Magnocellular Pathways
Bompas, A., & Sumner, P. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00359.2009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Color responses and their adaptation in human superior colliculus and lateral geniculate nucleus
Chang, D. H. F., Hess, R. F., & Mullen, K. T. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.067 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Cortical summation and attentional modulation of combined chromatic and luminance signals
Martinović, J., & Andersen, . K. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.066 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms of divided feature-selective attention to colour
Martinović, J., Wuerger, S. M., Hillyard, S. A., Müller, M. M., & Andersen, . K. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.033 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Human visual gamma for color stimuli
Stauch, B. J., Peter, A., Ehrlich, I., Nolte, Z., & Fries, P. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75897 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Li, X., Coyle, D., Maguire, L., McGinnity, T. M., & Benali, H. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2011.2116034 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Color contrast adaptation: fMRI fails to predict behavioral adaptation
Goddard, E., Chang, D. H. F., Hess, R. F., & Mullen, K. T. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116032 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The response to colour in the human visual cortex: the fMRI approach
Mullen, K. T. (2019) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.08.001 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Task-dependent contrast gain in anomalous trichromats
Vanston, J. E., Tregillus, K. E. M., Webster, M. A., & Crognale, M. A. (2021) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2021.02.003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Neural Correlates of Color-Selective Metacontrast in Human Early Retinotopic Areas
Maeda, K., Yamamoto, H., Fukunaga, M., Umeda, M., Tanaka, C., & Ejima, Y. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00923.2009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
D'Souza, D. V., Auer, T., Frahm, J., Strasburger, H., & Lee, B. B. (2016) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.33.000a53 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bayram, A., Karahan, E., Bılgıç, B., Ademoğlu, A., & Demıralp, T. (2016) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2016.09.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The perceptual balance of color
McDermott, K. C., & Webster, M. A. (2012) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.29.00a108 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Predictive performance of the standard and the modified von Kries chromatic adaptation transforms
Ma, S., Teunissen, K., & Smet, K. A. G. (2022) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.451461 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The neural origin for asymmetric coding of surface color in the primate visual cortex
Wu, Y., Zhao, M., Deng, H., Wang, T., Xin, Y., Dai, W., Huang, J., Zhou, T., Sun, X., Liu, N., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44809-y · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Temporal Visual Mechanisms May Mediate Compensation for Macular Pigment
Stringham, N. T., & Stringham, J. M. (2015) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006615607119 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Temporal Sensitivity for Achromatic and Chromatic Flicker across the Visual Cortex
Gentile, C. P., Spitschan, M., Taskin, H. O., Bock, A. R., & Aguirre, G. K. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1395-23.2024 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ribeiro, M. J., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2010) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.04.017 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The relationship between visual discomfort and cortical excitability in cone-opponent stimuli
O’Hare, L., Goodwin, P., & Sharman, R. J. (2022) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148142 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A potential mechanism for compensation in the blue—yellow visual channel
Stringham, N. T., Sabatinelli, D., & Stringham, J. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00331 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
S‐cone excitation ratios for reaction times to blue‐yellow suprathreshold changes at isoluminance
Medina, J. M., & Díaz, J. A. (2010) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00745.x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Least Trimmed Square Regression Method for Second Level fMRI Effective Connectivity Analysis
Li, X., Coyle, D., Maguire, L., & McGinnity, T. M. (2012) · Neuroinformatics · doi:10.1007/s12021-012-9168-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gaining the system: limits to compensating color deficiencies through post-receptoral gain changes
Emery, K. J., Isherwood, Z. J., & Webster, M. A. (2022) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.480035 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Magnetoencephalography contrast adaptation reflects perceptual adaptation
Goddard, E., Shooner, C., & Mullen, K. T. (2022) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.22.10.16 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fixational eye movements and edge integration in lightness perception
Rudd, M. E., & Shareef, I. (2025) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2024.108517 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Early Processing of Spatial Form
Hess, R. F. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-05714-1.00032-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Goddard, E., & Mullen, K. T. (2025) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.a.56 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Visual Neuroprostheses for Impaired Human Nervous System: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Outlook
Mahadiuzzaman, A. S. M., Hoque, M. E., Alam, S., Chawdhury, Z. T., Hasan, M., & Rashid, A. B. (2024) · International Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1155/ijcb/2651763 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, X., Coyle, D., Maguire, L., & McGinnity, T. M. (2013) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2013.10.007 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Functional MRI of the Visual System
Dumoulin, S. O. (2015) · Biological magnetic resonance · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7591-1_15 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Goddard, E., & Mullen, K. T. (2021) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.21.3.20 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Appropriateness of Contrast Metric for Reaction Times
O’Donell, B. M., & Colombo, E. (2016) · Perception · doi:10.1177/0301006616643651 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Yang, Q., Yu, J. M., & Jia, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1497501 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mullen, K. T., Dumoulin, S. O., & Hess, R. F. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06553.x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
́Souza, D. V. D. (2009) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shigihara, Y., Hoshi, H., & Zeki, S. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/106047 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An fMRI study of chromatic processing in humans
D'Souza, D. V. (2009) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-3645
Statistical Methods for fMRI Activation and Effective Connectivity Studies
Li, X., Coyle, D., Maguire, L., & McGinnity, T. M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30574-0_38
Parallel and Competitive Processes in Low-Level Vision and Their Impact on Awareness
Denison, R. N. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Current Advances in the Design of Retinal and Cortical Visual Prostheses
Bareket, L., Barriga‐Rivera, A., Rosenfeld, J. V., Lovell, N. H., & Suaning, G. J. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812539-7.00005-2
d´Souza, D. (2009) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)
Current Awareness in NMR in Biomedicine
(2009) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.1333
Functional impairment of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in Multiple SclerosisPreprint
Sardaripour, N., Asadi, M., Moghaddam, H. A., Khadem, A. A., & Rajimehr, R. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.12.506825
Johnson, E. N., & Mullen, K. T. (2026) · Springer series in vision research · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09457-5_8
The contribution of the koniocellular visual pathway to aversive learning in human visual cortex
McCain, K. J., Petro, N. M., & Keil, A. (2026) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00288.2025
Yin, F., Ding, Y., Chang, H. E., Prifti, V., Feng, J., Freedman, E. G., Foxe, J. J., Doyley, M. M., & Wang, K. H. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.06.04.730118
Yin, F., Ding, Y., Chang, H. E., Prifti, V., Feng, J., Freedman, E. G., Foxe, J. J., Doyley, M. M., & Wang, K. H. (2026) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2026.107578
- Authors
- Mullen, K. T., Dumoulin, S. O., & Hess, R. F.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Mullen, Kathy T.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-10-27
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1911-1923
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- PMC
- PMC2777261
- OpenAlex
- W2159635141
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2008-11-24)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Queensland University of Technology
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (10819, 53346, MOP53346, MOP 10819)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Color Science and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- lateral geniculate nucleus, primary visual cortex, achromatic contrast, color vision, temporal frequency sensitivity, high-field fMRI, human visual system
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Adult, Female, Geniculate Bodies, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, Space Perception, Time Factors, Vision, Ocular, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Contrast Sensitivity, Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells, Color Vision
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
