The DOI matches its Crossref record; 74 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
C‐reactive protein, its role in inflammation, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and the effects of insulin‐sensitizing treatment with thiazolidinediones
Abstract
Increased concentrations of the marker of inflammation, C‐reactive protein (CRP), are associated with insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and the development of cardiovascular disease. In particular, inflammation is closely associated with endothelial dysfunction and is recognized as one of the cardiovascular risk factors clustering in the Insulin Resistance Syndrome or Metabolic Syndrome. The exact mechanisms linking insulin resistance and inflammation remain unclear. However, the close association between insulin resistance and inflammation in atherogenesis suggests that therapies that address both parameters may have benefits in reducing diabetes‐related macrovascular complications. The thiazolidinedione class of oral anti‐diabetic agents are powerful insulin sensitizers that also have anti‐inflammatory properties. Treatment with these agents has a range of anti‐atherogenic effects, including reduced levels of CRP, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), TNF‐α and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, the insulin‐sensitizing effect of thiazolidinediones improves other factors of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, including dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Outcome studies are underway to determine if the effects of improving insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammation will translate into clinical benefits and reduce the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“treat other metabolic risk factors have been reported to reduce CRP levels (eg, statins, nicotinic acid, fibrates, ACE inhibitors, thiazolidinediones). 186 -188”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [188]
Citations
Cites
Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease
Ross, R. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199901143400207 · Cited by 21,725
Pearson, T. A., Mensah, G. A., Alexander, R. W., Anderson, J. L., Cannon, R. O., Criqui, M., Fadl, Y. Y., Fortmann, S. P., Hong, Y., Myers, G. L., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000052939.59093.45 · Cited by 6,401
Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men
Ridker, P. M., Cushman, M., Stampfer, M. J., Tracy, R. P., & Hennekens, C. H. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199704033361401 · Cited by 5,504
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Rose, L., Buring, J. E., & Cook, N. R. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021993 · Cited by 3,604
Yudkin, J. S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Emeis, J. J., & Coppack, S. W. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.4.972 · Cited by 2,465
Chronic Subclinical Inflammation as Part of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Festa, A., D’Agostino, R., Howard, G., Mykkänen, L., Tracy, R. P., & Haffner, S. M. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.1.42 · Cited by 2,366
Ridker, P. M., Buring, J. E., Cook, N. R., & Rifai, N. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000055014.62083.05 · Cited by 2,292
Ridker, P. M. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.13.1813 · Cited by 1,402
Pickup, J. C., Mattock, M. B., Chusney, G. D., & Burt, D. J. (1997) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050822 · Cited by 1,246
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 76 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- 10.1210/jc.86.7.3257 · DOI
- Okouchi M, 2001, Protective actions of pioglitazone and gliclazide on endothelial‐neutrophil adherence and endothelial surface expression of ICAM‐1 mediated by high concentrations of insulin, Diabetes, 50, A163
- Lebovitz HE, 2001, diabetes, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, 280
- 10.1210/jc.86.3.1306 · DOI
- Mohanty P, 2001, Rosiglitazone improves vascular reactivity, inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, reduces p47phox subunit expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) and reduces C reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1): evidence of a potent anti‐inflammatory effect, Diabetes, 50, A68
- Natali A, 2002, diabetic patients, Diabetes, 51, A142
- Choi SH, 2003, diabetes, Diabetes, 52, A19
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–140 of 140
Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters: A Systematic Review
Simonelli, A., Citterio, F., Falcone, F., D’Aiuto, F., Sforza, N. M., Corrao, S., Sesti, G., & Trombelli, L. (2025) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.70018 · Cited by 6
Guan, W., Li, S., Sun, W., Kang, Y., & Li, X. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000033467 · Cited by 6
Xing, Y., Liu, J., Liu, H., & Ma, H. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s384694 · Cited by 5
Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en el paciente con síndrome metabólico
López-Jaramillo, P. A. (2010) · Revista Colombiana de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/s0120-5633(10)70214-x · Cited by 4
Ryu, S., Wang, Z., Kim, S., & Cho, H. (2023) · Epidemiology and Health · doi:10.4178/epih.e2023063 · Cited by 4
L-Thyroxine Treatment of Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism Reduce Inflammation
Poyrazoğlu, O. K., Özkan, Y., Özden, M., Çolak, R., Özalp, G., & Dönder, E. (2009) · The Open Endocrinology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874216500903010034 · Cited by 4
Borodi, P.-G., SLEVIN, M. A., Gavriș, I. M., & Gavriș, M.-M. (2025) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology6070063 · Cited by 3
Zhao, C., Li, H., Jiang, X., Yang, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., & Lin, M. (2026) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-026-02089-0 · Cited by 3
Valaei-Barhagh, A., Samami, M., Joukar, F., Hassanipour, S., Zaker, S., Rabiei, M., Naghipour, M., & Mansour‐Ghanaei, F. (2025) · Diabetes Epidemiology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.deman.2025.100268 · Cited by 3
Tarfeen, N., Nisa, K. U., Masoodi, S. R., Bhat, H., Wani, S., & Ganai, B. A. (2023) · Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s12291-023-01144-1 · Cited by 3
Remediable hyperglycaemia in a patient with polymyalgia rheumatica
Yang, K., Su, T., Liau, C.-S., Chen, M. ‐. F., & Lee, Y. ‐. T. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/03009740510018732 · Cited by 3
Dental Pocket and Type 2 Diabetes among Elderly People Aged 88 in Japan
Komoto, M., Toyokawa, S., Tonai, K., Mizushima, S., Oda, S., Hattori, Y., Hattori, Y., Furuhata, T., & Yanagisawa, Y. (2024) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v16n3p1 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of renal and inflammatory markers in elderly diabetic patients in Port Harcourt
Ibama, O., & Uwikor, F. K. (2025) · Academia Medicine · doi:10.20935/acadmed7708 · Cited by 2
Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes with an Update on New Interventions
Ward, N. C., Loh, W. J., & Watts, G. F. (2023) · Contemporary diabetes · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26681-2_14 · Cited by 2
Recomendaciones específicas para el manejo del paciente con síndrome metabólico
Medina, L. V., Jiménez, M. L., & Carretero, R. G. (2007) · Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular · doi:10.1016/s1889-1837(07)71859-7 · Cited by 2
Nakajima, V. M., Ruviaro, A. R., Barbosa, P. D. P. M., da Silva, I. F., & de Ávila, A. R. A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816992-6.00007-3 · Cited by 2
Recomendaciones específicas para el manejo del paciente con síndrome metabólico
Medina, L. V., Jiménez, M. L., & Carretero, R. G. (2007) · Hipertensión · doi:10.1016/s0212-8241(07)72441-6 · Cited by 2
Forum ekspertów The role of C-reactive protein as a cardiovascular risk predictor
Boguslawski, G., & Labarrere, C. A. (2006) · Cited by 2
K-111: the emerging evidence for its potential in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome
Journal, C. (2006) · Core evidence · doi:10.2147/ce.s7444 · Cited by 1
Nutrition in the metabolic syndrome: Pharmacological treatment
Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D., & León-Sanz, M. (2008) · e-SPEN the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.eclnm.2008.02.001 · Cited by 1
Stracquadanio, M., & Ciotta, L. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16760-2_3 · Cited by 1
The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Gabyeobda Tea in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Wu, L., Lim, S. K., Shin, S.-U., & Kim, H. (2022) · Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research · doi:10.15429/jkomor.2022.22.1.11 · Cited by 1
Marioni, R. E. (2010) · ERA · Cited by 1
Impacto do Bypass Gastrojejunal em Y de Roux sobre a Síndrome Metabólica e seus componentes
Cazzo, E. (2013) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2013.911562 · Cited by 1
Insulin, Endothelial Nitric Oxide, and the Metabolic Syndrome
Das, U. N. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780813820637.ch14
Can we Improve how we Diagnose Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Foot
Harman, K. (2010) · The University of Bath Online Publications Store (The University of Bath)
Kunitskaya, N., & Ariev, A. L. (2012) · Advances in Gerontology · doi:10.1134/s2079057012040108
Smith, C. S., Spertus, J. A., Franklin, B. A., Gordon, D. J., Krauss, R. M., Savage, P. J., Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Daniels, S. R., & Donato, K. A. (2006)
Modulació farmacològica de l'oleoil-estrona sobre la ingesta i la composició corporal
Lorente, R. F. (2007) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Endothelial Dysfunction and Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathogenesis, Significance and Therapy
Hamilton, S. J., & Watts, G. F. (2013) · Contemporary diabetes · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7554-5_13
Le syndrome metabolique: physiopathologie et traitement
Scheen, A. J. (2006) · ORBi (University of Liège)
study of lipoprotein (a) and biochemical parameters of metabolic syndrome among younger population
Poonguzhali, B., Sowndharya, J., Prabha, T., & Suganya, K. (2022) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.8721 · Cited by 1
CARDIOLOGÍA DEL ADULTO - REVISIÓN DE TEMAS
López-Jaramillo, P. A., Pradilla, L. P., Bracho, Y., & Silva, F. (2005)
Perinatal Nutrition and Obesity
Das, U. N. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780813820637.ch7
Current literature in diabetes
(2005) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.565
Kabibulatova, A., Mussina, K., Almazan, J. U., Sarría‐Santamera, A., Salustri, A., & Atageldiyeva, K. K. (2026) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci14010052
Ashour, A. M. (2026) · Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.jgeb.2026.100663
liu, L., Ren, Z., Jiang, X., deng, W., & 陈以宽 (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9819050/v1
Metadata
- Authors
- Nesto, R.
- Affiliations
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nesto, R.
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-07-20
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 810-817
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- OpenAlex
- W2050135792
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 12.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- C-reactive protein, inflammation, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, thiazolidinediones, insulin sensitizers, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, atherogenesis, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TNF-α, reactive oxygen species, dyslipidemia, hypertension, macrovascular complications
- MeSH terms
- Arteriosclerosis, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome, Thiazolidinediones
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
