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Cited by 376Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentEmotions and Moral BehaviorGender Roles and Identity Studies

Gender differences in emotional development: A review of theories and research

Brody, Leslie R·1985·Journal of Personality
DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00361.x
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Abstract

Theories, data, methodological and conceptual problems concerning the study of gender differences in the development of defenses, emotional expression, recognition, and experiences are reviewed Data indicate gender differences in several areas of emotional functioning, including nonverbal sensitivity, expressiveness, self‐reports of anger, fear, and sadness, the quality of defenses, and cognitive correlates of recognition abilities Studies suggest that with development, boys increasingly inhibit the expression and attribution of most emotions, whereas girls increasingly inhibit the expression and recognition of socially unacceptable emotions, e g, anger These differences may be a function of different socialization processes for males and females, which may be adaptations to innate gender differences in temperament, or adaptations to existing sociocultural pressures The present paper argues that emotions motivate and regulate adaptive behaviors, and that researchers must explore gender differences in emotional development as a function of different familial, sociocultural, and interpersonal roles to which males and females must adapt

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00361.x

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2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Developmental evidence suggests that men and women are differentially reinforced for expressing emotion but not necessarily for experiencing emotion.

    “developmental evidence suggests that men and women are differentially reinforced for expressing emotion but not necessarily for experiencing emotion”

    From Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. (1998) · cites this paper as Brody, 1985

  • Boys learn to conceal their feelings, whereas girls learn to more freely express their feelings while also learning how to control their expressive behavior.

    “In general, boys learn to conceal their feelings, whereas girls learn to more freely express their feelings while also learning how to control their expressive behavior.”

    From Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. (1998) · cites this paper as Brody, 1985

  • Boys and girls learn different rules for the expression of emotion, but not necessarily for the experience of emotion.

    “fairly well-established theories suggest that boys and girls learn different rules for the expression of emotion, but not necessarily for the experience of emotion”

    From Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. (1998) · cites this paper as Brody, 1985

  • Differences between boys' and girls' expressiveness appear to emerge after the preschool years and are likely influenced by both peer and family socialization.

    “differences between boys' and girls' expressiveness appear to emerge after the preschool years and are likely influenced by both peer and family socialization (Brody, 1985).”

    From Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. (1998) · cites this paper as Brody, 1985

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Authors
Brody, L. R.
Affiliations
Boston University (US)
Corresponding author
Brody, Leslie R
ORCID
Brody, Leslie R
Venue
Journal of Personality
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1985-06
Volume
53
Issue
2
Pages
102-149
ISSN
  • 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-6494
DOI
10.1111/j.1467-6494.1985.tb00361.x
OpenAlex
W2047380481
Cited by
376
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 10
FWCI
4.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 7636 d)
Locations
Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
Keywords
gender differences, emotional development, emotional expression, emotion recognition, defense mechanisms, emotional inhibition, anger, fear, sadness, nonverbal sensitivity, socialization, gender roles, sociocultural pressure, temperament, emotion regulation

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