CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 925Obesity, Physical Activity, DietObesity and Health PracticesPhysical Activity and Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 325 of the 325 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Reducing obesity and related chronic disease risk in children and youth: a synthesis of evidence with 'best practice' recommendations

Flynn, M. A. T., McNeil, D. A., Maloff, B., Mutasingwa, D., Wu, M., Ford, C., Tough, S. C.·2006·Obesity Reviews
DOI 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2006.00242.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Childhood obesity is a global epidemic and rising trends in overweight and obesity are apparent in both developed and developing countries. Available estimates for the period between the 1980s and 1990s show the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children increased by a magnitude of two to five times in developed countries (e.g. from 11% to over 30% in boys in Canada), and up to almost four times in developing countries (e.g. from 4% to 14% in Brazil). The goal of this synthesis research study was to develop best practice recommendations based on a systematic approach to finding, selecting and critically appraising programmes addressing prevention and treatment of childhood obesity and related risk of chronic diseases. An international panel of experts in areas of relevance to obesity provided guidance for the study. This synthesis research encompassed a comprehensive search of medical/academic and grey literature and the Internet covering the years 1982-2003. The appraisal approach developed to identify best practice was unique, in that it considered not only methodological rigour, but also population health, immigrant health and programme development/evaluation perspectives in the assessment. Scores were generated based on pre-determined criteria with programmes scoring in the top tertile of the scoring range in any one of the four appraisal categories included for further examination. The synthesis process included identification of gaps and an analysis and summary of programme development and programme effectiveness to enable conclusions to be drawn and recommendations to be made. The results from the library database searches (13,158 hits), the Internet search and key informant surveys were reduced to a review of 982 reports of which 500 were selected for critical appraisal. In total 158 articles, representing 147 programmes, were included for further analysis. The majority of reports were included based on high appraisal scores in programme development and evaluation with limited numbers eligible based on scores in other categories of appraisal. While no single programme emerged as a model of best practice, synthesis of included programmes provided rich information on elements that represent innovative rather than best practice under particular circumstances that are dynamic (changing according to population subgroups, age, ethnicity, setting, leadership, etc.). Thus the findings of this synthesis review identifies areas for action, opportunities for programme development and research priorities to inform the development of best practice recommendations that will reduce obesity and chronic disease risk in children and youth. A lack of programming to address the particular needs of subgroups of children and youth emerged in this review. Although immigrants new to developed countries may be more vulnerable to the obesogenic environment, no programmes were identified that specifically targeted their potentially specialized needs (e.g. different food supply in a new country). Children 0-6 years of age and males represented other population subgroups where obesity prevention programmes and evidence of effectiveness were limited. These gaps are of concern because (i) the pre-school years may be a critical period for obesity prevention as indicated by the association of the adiposity rebound and obesity in later years; and (ii) although the growing prevalence of obesity affects males and females equally; males may be more vulnerable to associated health risks such as cardiovascular disease. Other gaps in knowledge identified during synthesis include a limited number of interventions in home and community settings and a lack of upstream population-based interventions. The shortage of programmes in community and home settings limits our understanding of the effectiveness of interventions in these environments, while the lack of upstream investment indicates an opportunity to develop more upstream and population-focused interventions to balance and extend the current emphasis on individual-based programmes. The evidence reviewed indicates that current programmes lead to short-term improvements in outcomes relating to obesity and chronic disease prevention with no adverse effects noted. This supports the continuation and further development of programmes currently directed at children and youth, as further evidence for best practice accumulates. In this synthesis, schools were found to be a critical setting for programming where health status indicators, such as body composition, chronic disease risk factors and fitness, can all be positively impacted. Engagement in physical activity emerged as a critical intervention in obesity prevention and reduction programmes. While many programmes in the review had the potential to integrate chronic disease prevention, few did; therefore efforts could be directed towards better integration of chronic disease prevention programmes to minimize duplication and optimize r

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2006.00242.x

Cites

325 of 325 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

2 retracted

Items 201–325 of 325

Research works printed but not linked: 30

  1. British Nutrition Foundation Taskforce., 1999, Report on Obesity.
  2. Epstein LH., 1998, Helping obese youngsters lose weight: what works . . . what doesn’t, Consultant, 38, 2462
  3. Health Canada., 2001, The Population Health Template: Key Elements and Actions that Define a Population Health Approach, Draft July, Health Canada Population and Public Health Branch, Strategic Policy Directorate.
  4. Hamilton N, 1996, Population Health Promotion: An Integrated Model of Population Health and Health Promotion
  5. Community Prevention of Obesity Steering Committee., 2003, Community Prevention of Obesity: Framework for Action
  6. CPHA., 2000, Review guidelines for qualitative research papers, Can J Public Health, 91, 1
  7. Health Canada., 1999, Canadian Research on Immigration and Health
  8. Deforche B, 2001, [Evolution of overweight and fitness in obese children during residential treatment], Tijdschrift voor Psychologie Gezondheid, 29, 98
  9. Karolkiewicz J, 1998, [Reduced glutathione concentration in red blood cells and lipid profile individual subjects to systematic exercise and low calorie diet], Diabetoligia Polska, 51, 51
  10. Komorowski JM, 1982, [Effect of mazindole (teronac) on certain hormonal parameters in simple obesity in children], Pediatr Pol, 57, 241
  11. Korsten‐Reck U, 1990, [Exercise and dietary restriction – an outpatient programme for obese children], Offentliche Gesundheitswesen, 52, 441
  12. Livieri C, 1992, [Usefulness of highly purified glucomannan fibres in childhood obesity], Pediatr Med Chir, 14, 195
  13. Salvatoni A, 1991, [Serum lipids in obese children: a double blind controlled trial on treatment by diet only vs diet and drugs], Pediatr Oggi, 11, 243
  14. Jiang J, 1997, [Comprehensive family based behavior modification for obese children], Chin Ment Health J, 11, 237
  15. Foger M, 1993, [Exercise, dietary counseling and psychological support in the treatment of obese children: a controlled study over 6 months], Monatsschr Kinderheil, 141, 491
  16. Raines K., 2004, Overweight and Obesity in Canada: A Population Health Perspective.
  17. Canadian Institute for Health Research., 2003, Obesity in Canada: Identifying Policy Priorities.
  18. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18848.x · DOI
  19. Rountree AC., 2000, Healthy weight management in adolescent females: a school based intervention study, Chicago School Prof Psychol
  20. Stauber T, 2002, [In‐patient educational training in obesity with stress management – a pilot study], Pravention Rehabil, 14, 179
  21. NSW Health., 2000, A Framework for Building Capacity to Improve Health.
  22. Crilly R., 2003, Synthesis Research on Community Capacity: Operationalizing and Measuring Community Capacity
  23. National Health and Medical Research Council., 1997, Acting on Australia's Weight: Summary Report.
  24. 10.1001/jama.1988.03410120074030 · DOI
  25. Ferrer Lorente B, 1997, [Multidisciplinary treatment of pedicatric obesity: results of 213 patients], An Esp Pediatr, 46, 8
  26. Korsten‐Reck U, 1993, [Exercise and nutrition: an outpatient program for adipose children long term experiences], Padiatr Padologie, 28, 145
  27. Obesity Task Force., 1999, Obesity
  28. Peng XF, 2000, [Study on the endothelin and lipid changes in simple obesity children and effect of aerobic training], Chin J Sports Med, 19, 167
  29. Flynn MA., 2003, Community Prevention of Obesity in Canada: the Technical Document
  30. CDC., 2003, Physical activity levels among children aged 9–13 years, Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 52, 785

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 925

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Flynn, M. A. T., McNeil, D. A., Maloff, B., Mutasingwa, D., Wu, M., Ford, C., & Tough, S. C.
Affiliations
  • Food Safety Authority of Ireland (IE)
  • University of Calgary (CA)
  • Calgary Health Region (CA)
Corresponding author
McNeil, D. A.
ORCID
Venue
Obesity Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2005-12-20
Volume
7
Issue
s1
Pages
7-66
ISSN
  • 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-789X
DOI
10.1111/j.1467-789x.2006.00242.x
OpenAlex
W2136922698
Cited by
925
References
325
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 70
FWCI
5.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords
childhood obesity, childhood overweight, chronic disease risk, best practice recommendations, immigrant health, population health, program effectiveness, children and young people, research priorities, obesogenic environment, health promotion programs, health education intervention, health care delivery, health care financing
MeSH terms
Child, Child Welfare, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Developing Countries, Emigration and Immigration, Ethnicity, Female, Health Planning, Health Promotion, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, International Cooperation, Male, Minority Groups, Obesity, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Evidence-Based Medicine

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review