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Cited by 103Nutrition, Health and Food BehaviorNutritional Studies and DietObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Influence of gender and socio-economic status on dietary patterns and nutrient intakes in 18-year-old Australians

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Milligan, R.A.K., Burke, V., Beilin, L.J., Dunbar, D.L., Spencer, M.J., Balde, E., Gracey, M.P.·1998·Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
DOI 10.1111/j.1467-842x.1998.tb01419.x
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Abstract

This study used two-day diet records to examine dietary behaviours in 504 Australian 18 year-olds in relation to gender, socio-economic status (SES) and national dietary guidelines. Fat intake exceeded 30% of energy in about 80% of subjects and was greater than 40% in about one-quarter. Saturated fat provided more than 10% of dietary energy in more than 90% of participants; less than 1% achieved a polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio of at least one. The major food groups contributing to fat intake were convenience foods (32% in men, 28% in women) and meat (27% in men, 25% in women). Fibre intake was less than 30 g/day in 93% of women and 77% of men. Intakes of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and vitamins C and A, as a ratio of energy consumption, were greater in women than men, while sodium intake was significantly higher in men. Convenience foods were the greatest contributors to sodium intake (27% in men, 22% in women) followed by meat, bread, and soups and sauces. Greater consumption of cereals, fruit, vegetables and low-fat foods in young women of higher SES was reflected in their nutrient profile with higher intake of fibre and vitamin C and lower intake of fat. Men ate more cereals, meat and sugary foods and less fruit, vegetables and low-fat foods. Only 2.5% of men and 4.1% of women conformed with the health promotion message, widely publicised locally, to eat two fruits and five vegetables daily. Not eating breakfast was associated with lower calcium intake in men and women, and lower iron and fibre in take in women. Achieving behavioural changes in young adults must take into account differences in dietary behaviour related to gender and SES.

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Strong JP, Oalmann MC, Malcolm GT, et al. Pathological determinants of athero- sclerosis in youth (PDAY): Rationale, methodology and selected risk factor findings. Canliovasc Risk Factors 1992; 2: 22-30.
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Authors
Milligan, R. A. K., Burke, V., Beilin, L. J., Dunbar, D. L., Spencer, M. J., Balde, E., & Gracey, M. P.
Affiliations
Royal Perth Hospital (AU)
Corresponding author
Burke, V.
ORCID
Beilin, L.J.
Venue
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1998-08
Volume
22
Issue
4
Pages
485-493
ISSN
1326-0200 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1111/j.1467-842x.1998.tb01419.x
OpenAlex
W1967168262
Cited by
103
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
FWCI
2.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Healthway
  • Australian Rotary Health
  • Western Health Foundation
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
dietary habits, nutrient intake, gender differences, socioeconomic status, young adults, dietary fat intake, saturated fat, convenience foods, sodium intake, fibre intake, dietary guidelines adherence, fruit and vegetable intake, breakfast skipping, calcium intake, iron intake, vitamin C
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Australia, Energy Intake, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fiber, Dietary Proteins, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Sodium, Dietary, Software, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

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