Cigarette smoking, menstrual symptoms and miscarriage among young women
Open accessAbstract
Objective To examine associations between cigarette smoking and menstrual symptoms and miscarriage among young women.Method The study sample consists of 14,779 women aged 18-23 years who participated in the mailed baseline survey for the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, conducted in 1996. The main outcome measures are self reported menstrual symptoms and miscarriages.Results Current smokers and ex-smokers had an increased risk of menstrual symptoms and miscarriages compared with women who had never smoked, with the highest risk occurring in heavy smokers (adjusted odds ratios for those smoking > or = 20 cigarettes per day: premenstrual tension 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 1.7), irregular periods 1.5 (1.3 to 1.8), heavy periods 1.6 (1.4 to 1.9), severe period pain 1.5 (1.4 to 1.7), one or more miscarriages 2.0 (1.5 to 2.8). The odds ratios generally increased with numbers of cigarettes smoked and a younger age of starting to smoke.Conclusion This study suggests that young women who smoke are at higher risk of a range of menstrual problems and miscarriage than those who have never smoked. The immediacy of this risk (in contrast to the longer term risks of chronic disease) can be used to improve the relevance of anti-smoking campaigns targeted to young women.
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Studies on sporadic miscarriage have shown associations with smoking, alcohol and caffeine.
“Studies on sporadic miscarriage have shown associations with smoking, 25,158 alcohol 26,159 and caffeine.27,160,161”
From Recurrent MiscarriageGreen‐top Guideline No. 17 (2023) · cites this paper as [158]
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- Authors
- MISHRA, G. D., DOBSON, A. J., & SCHOFIELD, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- University of New England (AU)
- Corresponding author
- MISHRA, GITA D
- Venue
- Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-08
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 413-420
- ISSN
- 1326-0200 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2002509425
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2000-10-01)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Government
- University of Newcastle Australia
- University of Queensland
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Menstrual Health and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- cigarette smoking, menstrual symptoms, miscarriage, young women, premenstrual syndrome, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, former smokers, smoking intensity, smoking initiation age, anti-smoking campaigns
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Spontaneous, Adolescent, Adult, Australia, Female, Humans, Menstruation Disturbances, Pregnancy, Risk, Smoking, Prevalence
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