The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Childhood Derivatives of High and Low Reactivity in Infancy
Abstract
A group of 193 children, classified as high or low reactive to stimulation at 4 months and observed again at 14 and 21 months, were observed at 4½ years of age for behavioral signs of inhibited or uninhibited behavior. Children who had been high reactive were less spontaneous and less sociable than those who had been classified as low reactive, but only a small proportion of children maintained a consistently inhibited or uninhibited phenotype at all ages.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fear and Fearfulness in Animals
Boissy, A. (1995) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/418981 · Cited by 747
Research works printed but not linked: 23
- Amaral, 1992, The amygdala, 1
- Arcus, 1992, Infant reactivity, maternal style, and the development of inhibited and uninhibited behavioral profiles
- Asendorpf, 1990, Development of inhibition during childhood, Developmental Psychology, 26, 721, 10.1037/0012-1649.26.5.721 · DOI · Paper page
- Bates, 1989, Temperament in childhood, 3
- Blanchard, 1988, Ethoexperimental approaches to the biology of emotion, Annual Reviews (Palo Alto, CA), 39, 43
- Calkins, 1996, Behavioral and physiological antecedents of inhibited and uninhibited behavior, Child Development, 67, 523, 10.2307/1131830 · DOI
- Caspi, 1988, Moving away from the world, Developmental Psychology, 24, 824, 10.1037/0012-1649.24.6.824 · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.24.6.824 · Paper page
- Caspi, 1995, Temperamental qualities at age three predict personality traits in young adulthood, Child Development, 66, 486, 10.2307/1131592 · DOI · Paper page
- Coplan, 1994, Being alone, playing alone, and acting alone, Child Development, 65, 129, 10.2307/1131370 · DOI · Paper page
- DiLalla, 1994, Genetic etiology of behavioral inhibition among two year olds, Infant Behavior and Development, 17, 401, 10.1016/0163-6383(94)90032-9 · DOI
- Kagan, 1994, Galen's prophecy
- Kagan, 1962, Birth to maturity
- Kagan, 1989, Inhibited and uninhibited types of children, Child Development, 60, 838, 10.2307/1131025 · doi:10.2307/1131025 · Paper page
- Kagan, 1988, Biological bases of childhood shyness, Science, 240, 167, 10.1126/science.3353713 · DOI · Paper page
- Newman, 1985, Infant crying, 307, 10.1007/978-1-4613-2381-5_14 · DOI
- Park, 1997, Infant emotionality, parenting, and three year inhibition: Exploring stability and lawful discontinuity in a male sample, Developmental Psychology, 33, 218, 10.1037/0012-1649.33.2.218 · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.33.2.218 · Paper page
- Rolls, 1992, The amygdala, 143
- Rolls, 1987, The basal ganglia, 349, 10.1007/978-1-4684-5347-8_24 · DOI
- Rothbart, 1994, Temperament, 83
- Rubin, 1993, Social withdrawal, inhibition, and shyness in childhood, 291
- Scott, 1965, Genetics and the social behavior of the dog
- Thomas, 1977, Temperament and development
- Vogt, 1988, The physiological control of mammalian vocalization, 203, 10.1007/978-1-4613-1051-8_12 · DOI
Cited by
Nigg, J. T. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.220 · Cited by 1,941
Social Withdrawal in Childhood
Rubin, K. H., Coplan, R. J., & Bowker, J. C. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163642 · Cited by 1,503
Fox, N. A., Henderson, H. A., Rubin, K. H., Calkins, S. D., & Schmidt, L. A. (2001) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00262 · Cited by 898
Prenatal exposure to maternal depression and cortisol influences infant temperament
DAVIS, E. P., GLYNN, L. M., SCHETTER, C. D., HOBEL, C., CHICZ-DEMET, A., & SANDMAN, C. A. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318047b775 · Cited by 628
Inhibited and uninhibited infants “grown up”: adult amygdalar response to novelty
Schwartz, C. E., Wright, C. I., Shin, L. M., Kagan, J., & Rauch, S. L. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083703 · Cited by 528
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Kagan, J., Snidman, N., & Arcus, D.
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-12-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1483-1493
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W2065588878
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 8.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Childhood Derivatives of High and Low Reactivity in Infancy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06171.x
- The paper
- Kagan, J., Snidman, N., & Arcus, D. (1998). Childhood Derivatives of High and Low Reactivity in Infancy. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06171.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.