The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Genetic and Environmental Processes in Young Children's Resilience and Vulnerability to Socioeconomic Deprivation
Abstract
Some children exposed to socioeconomic (SES) deprivation are resilient and function better than expected, given the level of deprivation they have experienced. The present study tested genetic and environmental contributions to young children's resilience and vulnerability to SES deprivation. Children's resilience was assessed by the difference between their actual score and the score predicted by their level of SES deprivation in the E-Risk Study, an epidemiological cohort of 1,116 five-year-old twin pairs. Consistent with previous research, results showed that maternal warmth, stimulating activities, and children's outgoing temperament appeared to promote positive adjustment in children exposed to SES deprivation. Findings add new information by demonstrating that resilience is partly heritable and that protective processes operate through both genetic and environmental effects.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200
Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene
Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., McClay, J., Mill, J., Martin, J., Braithwaite, A., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1083968 · Cited by 8,120
Self-citationAchenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 · Cited by 5,436
Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (1998) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2917-7 · Cited by 3,387
How People Make Their Own Environments: A Theory of Genotype Environment Effects
Scarr, S., & McCartney, K. (1983) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb03884.x · Cited by 2,895
The effects of poverty on children.
Brooks-Gunn, J., & Duncan, G. J. (1997) · The Future of Children · doi:10.2307/1602387 · Cited by 2,837
A Note on Robust Variance Estimation for Cluster‐Correlated Data
Williams, R. L. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00645.x · Cited by 2,501 · cited 2×
“Data were analyzed with tests based on the sandwich or Huber – White variance estimator (Rogers, 1993; Williams, 2000) using Stata 7.0 (Stata- Corp, 2001), which adjusts estimated standard errors to account for this dependence in the data.”
MethodInfluentialMasten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.2.205 · Cited by 2,438
Genes, evolution, and personality
Bouchard, T. J., & Loehlin, J. C. (2001) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1012294324713 · Cited by 1,085
Personality differences in childhood and adolescence: Measurement development, and consequences
Shiner, R., & Caspi, A. (2003) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00101 · Cited by 701
Self-citation
Cited by
An interactionist perspective on the socioeconomic context of human development
Conger, R. D., & Donnellan, M. B. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085551 · Cited by 1,935
Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ‘Much ado about nothing’
Arseneault, L., Bowes, L., & Shakoor, S. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709991383 · Cited by 1,067
Social Structure, Adversity, Toxic Stress, and Intergenerational Poverty: An Early Childhood Model
McEwen, C. A., & McEwen, B. S. (2017) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-060116-053252 · Cited by 472
Bowes, L., Maughan, B., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02216.x · Cited by 412
Self-citationDevelopment and Psychopathology
Cicchetti, D. (2015) · Developmental Psychopathology · doi:10.1002/9780470939383.ch1 · Cited by 382
Metadata
- Authors
- Kim-Cohen, J., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Taylor, A.
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-05-01
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 651-668
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W2039288846
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 21.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Genetic and Environmental Processes in Young Children's Resilience and Vulnerability to Socioeconomic Deprivation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00699.x
- The paper
- Kim-Cohen, J., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., & Taylor, A. (2004). Genetic and Environmental Processes in Young Children's Resilience and Vulnerability to Socioeconomic Deprivation. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00699.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.