Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: ‘Much ado about nothing’
Abstract
Bullying victimization is a topic of concern for youths, parents, school staff and mental health practitioners. Children and adolescents who are victimized by bullies show signs of distress and adjustment problems. However, it is not clear whether bullying is the source of these difficulties. This paper reviews empirical evidence to determine whether bullying victimization is a significant risk factor for psychopathology and should be the target of intervention and prevention strategies. Research indicates that being the victim of bullying (1) is not a random event and can be predicted by individual characteristics and family factors; (2) can be stable across ages; (3) is associated with severe symptoms of mental health problems, including self-harm, violent behaviour and psychotic symptoms; (4) has long-lasting effects that can persist until late adolescence; and (5) contributes independently to children's mental health problems. This body of evidence suggests that efforts aimed at reducing bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence should be strongly supported. In addition, research on explanatory mechanisms involved in the development of mental health problems in bullied youths is needed.
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Chronic bullying can have immediate health-related consequences, such as increased stress, anxiety, depression, headaches, and sleep disturbances.
“Chronic bullying can have immediate health-related consequences, such as increased stress, anxiety, depression, headaches, and sleep disturbances (10).”
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“Depression and anxiety, which were included as covariates in this study as they are known correlates of both victimization and loneliness, may partly account for the heritable component of these phenotypes (Arseneault, Bowes, & Shakoor, 2010; Matthews et al., 2016).”
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- Authors
- Arseneault, L., Bowes, L., & Shakoor, S.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Arseneault, L.
- Venue
- Psychological Medicine
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-09-29
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 717-729
- ISSN
- 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8978
- OpenAlex
- W2114162219
- Cited by
- 1,067
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 87 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 78 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 4.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (CSA/01/05/001)
- Medical Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/H034897/1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- bullying victimization, youth mental health, psychopathology, risk factors, self-harm, violent behavior, psychotic symptoms, bullying prevention, bullying intervention, family factors, adolescence, long-term effects
- MeSH terms
- Adjustment Disorders, Adolescent, Child, Child Reactive Disorders, Humans, Psychopathology, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, Social Behavior, Violence, Self-Injurious Behavior, Crime Victims
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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