The DOI matches its Crossref record; 85 of the 85 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Social Norms and Self-Presentation: Children's Implicit and Explicit Intergroup Attitudes
Open accessAbstract
Two studies examined whether social norms and children's concern for self-presentation affect their intergroup attitudes. Study 1 examined racial intergroup attitudes and normative beliefs among children aged 6 to 16 years (n=155). Accountability (i.e., public self-focus) was experimentally manipulated, and intergroup attitudes were assessed using explicit and implicit measures. Study 2 (n=134) replicated Study 1, focusing on national intergroup attitudes. Both studies showed that children below 10 years old were externally motivated to inhibit their in-group bias under high public self-focus. Older children were internally motivated to suppress their bias as they showed implicit but not explicit bias. Study 1, in contrast to Study 2, showed that children with low norm internalization suppressed their out-group prejudice under high public self-focus.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 15,136
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 9,210
The Moral Judgment Of The Child
Piaget, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315009681 · Cited by 4,372
Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority
Asch, S. E. (1956) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0093718 · Cited by 4,267
Compliance, identification, and internalization three processes of attitude change
Kelman, H. C. (1958) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/002200275800200106 · Cited by 3,830
Offer, D. (1969) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1969.01740230123023 · Cited by 3,817
Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research.
Phinney, J. S. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.3.499 · Cited by 3,798 · cited 1×
“In middle adolescence this motivation may be less evident given the emergence of a more established and secure sense of self (Phinney, 1990).”
BackgroundPublic and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory.
Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M. F., & Buss, A. H. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076760 · Cited by 3,703
The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate?
Brewer, M. B. (1999) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00126 · Cited by 3,494
In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis.
Brewer, M. B. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.307 · Cited by 3,411
Cited by
Cameron, L., Rutland, A., Brown, R., & Douch, R. (2006) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00929.x · Cited by 539
Self-citationRutland, A., Killen, M., & Abrams, D. (2010) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610369468 · Cited by 406
Self-citationAutomaticity in social-cognitive processes
Bargh, J. A., Schwader, K. L., Hailey, S. E., Dyer, R. L., & Boothby, E. J. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.10.002 · Cited by 375
Yau, J. C., & Reich, S. M. (2019) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12376 · Cited by 299
What Do Implicit Measures Tell Us?: Scrutinizing the Validity of Three Common Assumptions
Gawronski, B., LeBel, E. P., & Peters, K. R. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00036.x · Cited by 287
Metadata
- Authors
- Rutland, A., Cameron, L., Milne, A., & McGeorge, P.
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-03-01
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 451-466
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- OpenAlex
- W2162787889
- Cited by
- 401
- References
- 85
- FWCI
- 50.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Social Norms and Self-Presentation: Children's Implicit and Explicit Intergroup Attitudes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00856.x
- The paper
- Rutland, A., Cameron, L., Milne, A., & McGeorge, P. (2005). Social Norms and Self-Presentation: Children's Implicit and Explicit Intergroup Attitudes. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00856.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
