“It's Just a Lot of Work”: Adolescents’ Self‐Presentation Norms and Practices on Facebook and Instagram
Abstract
We explored adolescents’ (12‐ to 18‐year‐olds; n = 51) awareness of their audience and subsequent self‐presentation practices on Facebook and Instagram through focus group discussions. Findings suggest that teens, who are developmentally able to perceive a situation from the third‐person perspective and who value peer approval, purposefully share content to appear interesting, well liked, and attractive. Some teens invested great effort into posting by these norms, even asking their friends to help; however, this was more common among girls. Older teens especially discussed taking the perspective of their audience when deciding what to post, which is consistent with the finding that perspective taking continues to develop throughout adolescence. These findings suggest that perspective taking skills and need for peer approval influence self‐presentation online.
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In qualitative studies in the U.S., Singapore, and Germany, adolescent girls described a broad range of strategies for managing their social media presence.
“In qualitative studies in the U.S., Singapore, and Germany, adolescent girls described a broad range of strategies for managing their SM presence.”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Yau & Reich, 2019
Once a photo was selected, girls described a process of extensively editing the photo and asking peers for feedback before posting, as well as posting at 'high-traffic times' and asking friends for likes.
“Once a photo was selected, girls described a process of extensively editing the photo and asking peers for feedback before posting, as well as posting at 'high-traffic times' and asking friends for likes (Chua & Chang, 2016; Yau & Reich, 2019; Zillich & Riesmeyer, 2021).”
From The Perfect Storm: A Developmental-Sociocultural Framework for the Role of Social Media in Adolescent Girls' Body Image Concerns and Mental Health. (2022) · cites this paper as Yau & Reich, 2019
Yau and Reich (2019) identified the norms of 'appear interesting,' 'appear likable,' and 'appear attractive' for self-presentation on Instagram.
“For example, in a study based on focus groups with adolescents in the United States, Yau and Reich (2019) identified the norms of 'appear interesting,' 'appear likable,' and 'appear attractive' for self-presentation on Instagram.”
From The Impact of Social Norms on Adolescents’ Self-Presentation Practices on Social Media (2024) · cites this paper as Yau and Reich (2019)
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- Authors
- Yau, J. C., & Reich, S. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yau, Joanna C.
- Venue
- Journal of Research on Adolescence
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-02-12
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 196-209
- ISSN
- 1050-8392 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7795
- OpenAlex
- W2790894048
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 49.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Research on Adolescence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1218705)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Media and Digital Communication
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- self-presentation, adolescents, Facebook, Instagram, audience awareness, perspective taking, peer approval, online self-presentation, gender differences, age differences, social media, third-person perspective
- MeSH terms
- Peer Influence, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Pilot Projects, Self Concept, Self Disclosure, Social Behavior, Social Desirability, Friends, Social Networking, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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