The Dumbledore Hypothesis of Cognitive Aging
Abstract
Cognitive aging is often characterized as a process in which two competing forces determine individual development: a genetically driven senescence process that engenders declines in mental mechanics; and an accumulation of life experience that augments cultural, pragmatic, and knowledge-based competence. The considerable variability in the level and rate of change in complex intellectual activities (e.g., language understanding) is often accounted for in terms of individual differences in abilities associated with these forces. I argue that choice in how effort is allocated may be an essential determinant of cognitive change over the life span—both directly, in the form of attentional engagement, and indirectly, as it sculpts neural substrates that give rise to component abilities.
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The life course of the individual is forged from experience and choice, with consequences for the structure and function of cognition and its neuronal substrate.
“Given these principles, the core argument is that the life course of the individual is forged from experience and choice (Stine-Morrow, 2007) and that this has consequences for the structure and function of cognition and its neuronal substrate.”
From Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced? (2008) · cites this paper as Stine-Morrow, 2007
Cites
Baltes, P. B. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.4.366 · Cited by 2,066 · see citing works
Long-term Effects of Cognitive Training on Everyday Functional Outcomes in Older Adults
Willis, S. L., Tennstedt, S. L., Marsiske, M., Ball, K., Elias, J., Koepke, K. M., Morris, J. N., Rebok, G. W., Unverzagt, F. W., Stoddard, A. M., et al. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.23.2805 · Cited by 1,496 · see citing works
Mental Exercise and Mental Aging: Evaluating the Validity of the “Use It or Lose It” Hypothesis
Salthouse, T. A. (2006) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00005.x · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Aging and self-regulated language processing.
Stine-Morrow, E. A. L., Miller, L. M. S., & Hertzog, C. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.4.582 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationStine-Morrow, E. A. L., Gagne, D. D., Morrow, D. G., & DeWall, B. H. (2004) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03195860 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
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Hertzog, C., Kramer, A. F., Wilson, R. S., & Lindenberger, U. (2008) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01034.x · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
Aging and Information Technology Use: Potential and Barriers
Charness, N., & Boot, W. R. (2009) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01647.x · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Investment and intellect: A review and meta-analysis.
von Stumm, S., & Ackerman, P. L. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0030746 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Training versus engagement as paths to cognitive enrichment with aging.
Stine-Morrow, E. A. L., Payne, B. R., Roberts, B. W., Kramer, A. F., Morrow, D. G., Payne, L., Hill, P. L., Jackson, J. J., Gao, X., Noh, S. R., et al. (2014) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0038244 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationChin, J., Payne, B., Gao, X., Conner-Garcia, T., Graumlich, J. F., Murray, M. D., Morrow, D. G., & Stine-Morrow, E. A. L. (2015) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2014.912331 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Stine-Morrow, E. A. L.
- Affiliations
- Beckman Institute and Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Venue
- Current Directions in Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 295-299
- ISSN
- 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8721
- OpenAlex
- W2170228955
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Directions in Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- cognitive aging, senescence, life experience, individual differences, effort allocation, attentional engagement, neural correlates, language comprehension
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