The comparative advantage of juvenile versus criminal court sanctions on recidivism among adolescent felony offenders
Abstract
This study addresses the longstanding and contentious debate on the merits of transferring cases from juvenile to adult court with the expectation of more certain, severe, or effective punishment. It compares the severity, certainty and celerity of sanctions for N=800 15‐ and 16‐year‐old adolescents charged with robbery and burglary in juvenile court in New Jersey with identical offenders in matched communities in New York State whose cases are adjudicated in criminal court, and determines the effectiveness of these sanctions in reducing recidivism and reincarceration. Results showed that incarceration rates were higher for adolescents sentenced in the criminal court, but sentence lengths were comparable. However, recidivism rates were significantly lower for adolescents sentenced in the juvenile court, regardless of sentence type or severity. The results suggest that efforts to criminalize adolescent offending may not produce the desired results and may in fact be counterproductive. There is no support for legislative efforts to eliminate the special jurisprudence for adolescent crimes or the separate jurisdiction for juvenile offenders.
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Transferred youths are more likely to recidivate compared to those within the juvenile system.
“early findings suggest that transferred youths are more likely to recidivate compared to those within the juvenile system (Fagan, 1996; Winner et al., 1997; Bishop et al., 1997).”
From The Juvenile Penalty: A Comparison of Juvenile and Young Adult Sentencing Outcomes in Criminal Court (2004) · cites this paper as Fagan, 1996
The majority of adolescents are rearrested within a year.
“The majority is rearrested within a year [3,12].”
From Reducing drug use, human immunodeficiency virus risk, and recidivism among young men leaving jail: Evaluation of the REAL MEN re-entry program (2010) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- FAGAN, J.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- FAGAN, JEFFREY
- ORCID
- FAGAN, JEFFREY
- Venue
- Law & Policy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 77-114
- ISSN
- 0265-8240 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9930
- OpenAlex
- W2091519761
- Semantic Scholar
- 0299eb90fab43e55af4b35ba488683cebd2e446a
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 14.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Law & Policy (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Law and Policy
- Keywords
- juvenile courts, criminal courts, recidivism, juvenile offenders, felony offenses, robbery, burglary, incarceration, sentence severity, juvenile justice, New Jersey, New York State
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