A randomized placebo‐controlled trial of metformin for the treatment of HIV lipodystrophy
Open accessAbstract
Objective: We conducted a randomized placebo‐controlled trial to examine the effects of metformin on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), appendicular fat, lipid profile and insulin sensitivity in HIV‐infected persons with central adiposity and mild insulin resistance. Methods: Forty‐eight HIV‐infected men and women with a self‐reported increase in abdominal girth and an abnormal waist‐to‐hip ratio were randomly assigned in double‐blind fashion to receive metformin 1500 mg or placebo daily for 24 weeks. Persons with diabetes were excluded. The following measures were obtained at baseline and 24 weeks: single‐slice computed tomography (CT) scan, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA), lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance test. Results: The median fasting insulin concentration of all participants was 12.3 μU/mL. The percentage change in VAT was not significantly different between the metformin and placebo groups in univariate analysis and linear regression analysis adjusting for age, height, baseline VAT and insulin area under the curve (10.1% vs 3.2%; P=0.58). Metformin was associated with a significant decrease in appendicular fat mass compared with placebo (−686.0 vs 161.0 g; P=0.03). There was no significant change in lipid profile or insulin sensitivity between the two groups at 24 weeks. Conclusion: Metformin should be used with caution in the treatment of HIV lipodystrophy, and, if used, should be reserved for persons with adequate peripheral fat and marked insulin resistance.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Metformin accelerates peripheral fat loss in patients with HIV lipodystrophy.
“but at the expense of accelerating peripheral fat loss [118].”
From Metformin: An Old But Still the Best Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes (2013) · cites this paper as [118]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Palella, F. J., Delaney, K. M., Moorman, A. C., Loveless, M. O., Fuhrer, J., Satten, G. A., Aschman, D. J., & Holmberg, S. D. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199803263381301 · Cited by 9,393 · see citing works
Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents
(1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_part_2-199806151-00003 · Cited by 5,197 · see citing works
Carr, A., Samaras, K., Burton, S., Law, M. G., Freund, J., Chisholm, D. J., & Cooper, D. A. (1998) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199807000-00003 · Cited by 2,364 · see citing works
Bailey, C. J., & Turner, R. C. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602293340906 · Cited by 1,726 · see citing works
Hadigan, C. M., Meigs, J. B., Corcoran, C. P., Rietschel, P., Piecuch, S., Basgoz, N. O., Davis, B., Sax, P. E., Stanley, T. L., Wilson, P. W. F., et al. (2001) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/317541 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Clinical assessment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy in an ambulatory population
Lichtenstein, K. A., Ward, D. J., Moorman, A. C., Delaney, K. M., Young, B., Palella, F. J., Rhodes, P., Wood, K. C., & Holmberg, S. D. (2001) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-200107270-00008 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Adiposity, Fat Distribution, and Cardiovascular Risk
Peiris, A. N., Sothmann, M. S., Hoffmann, R. G., Hennes, M. I., Wilson, C. R., Gustafson, A. B., & Kissebah, A. H. (1989) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-110-11-867 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
An objective case definition of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected adults: a case-control study
Carr, A. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12656-6 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Saint-Marc, T., Partisani, M., Poizot‐Martin, I., et al. (2000) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-200001070-00005 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Metformin in the Treatment of HIV Lipodystrophy Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Hadigan, C., Corcoran, C., Basgoz, N., Davis, B., Sax, P., & Grinspoon, S. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.4.472 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Fat Distribution in Men With HIV Infection
(FRAM), F. T. S. O. F. R. A. M. C. I. H. I. (2005) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000182230.47819.aa · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Fontbonne, A., Charles, M.-A. A., Juhan-Vague, I., Bard, J., André, P., Isnard, F., Cohen, J. M., Grandmottet, P., Vague, P., Safar, M. E., et al. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.9.920 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
HIV lipodystrophy: prevalence, severity and correlates of risk in Australia
Miller, J., Carr, A. D., Emery, S., Law, M. G., Mallal, S. A., Baker, D. A., Smith, D. E., Kaldor, J. M., & Cooper, D. (2003) · HIV Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1468-1293.2003.00159.x · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Studies of Body Composition and Fat Distribution in HIV-Infected and Control Subjects
Kotler, D. P., Rosenbaum, K. B., Wang, J., & Pierson, R. N. (1999) · Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology · doi:10.1097/00042560-199903010-00003 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Meigs, J. B., Nathan, D. M., Wilson, P. W. F., Cupples, L. A., & Singer, D. E. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-7-199804010-00002 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Glueck, C. J., Fontaine, R. N., Wang, P., Subbiah, M. T. R., Weber, K., Illig, E., Streicher, P., Sieve-Smith, L., Tracy, T. M., Lang, J. E., et al. (2001) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2001.24192 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Wohl, D. A., McComsey, G. A., Tebas, P., Brown, T. T., Glesby, M. J., Reeds, D. N., Shikuma, C. M., Mulligan, K. M., Dubé, M. P., Wininger, D. A., et al. (2006) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/507333 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationSaint-Marc, T., & Touraine, J. L. (1999) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199905280-00023 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Jacobson, D. L., Knox, T., Spiegelman, D. L., Skinner, S. C., Gorbach, S. L., & Wanke, C. A. (2005) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/430379 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citationPrediction of Coronary Heart Disease Risk in HIV‐Infected Patients with Fat Redistribution
Hadigan, C. M., Meigs, J. B., Wilson, P. W. F., D’Agostino, R. B., Davis, B., Basgoz, N. O., Sax, P. E., & Grinspoon, S. K. (2003) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/368185 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Redefining Lipodystrophy Syndrome
Lichtenstein, K. A. (2005) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/01.qai.0000167478.28051.3a · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Mulligan, K. M., Yang, Y., Wininger, D. A., Koletar, S. L., Parker, R. A., Alston‐Smith, B., Schouten, J. T., Fielding, R. A., Basar, M. T., & Grinspoon, S. K. (2006) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e328011220e · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Tien, P. C., Benson, C. A., Zolopa, A. R., Sidney, S., Osmond, D. H., & Grünfeld, C. (2006) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj111 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Hadigan, C. M., Rabe, J., & Grinspoon, S. K. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020709 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Carr, A. D., & Law, M. G. (2003) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/00126334-200308150-00004 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Body-composition measurements as predictors of glucose and insulin abnormalities in HIV-positive men
Meininger, G. E., Hadigan, C. M., Rietschel, P., & Grinspoon, S. K. (2002) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.2.460 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Mechanisms and Strategies for Insulin Resistance in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Grinspoon, S. K. (2003) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/375885 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
McDermott, A. Y., Terrin, N. C., Wanke, C. A., Skinner, S. C., Tchetgen, E. J. T., & Shevitz, A. (2005) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/498022 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of Rosiglitazone and Metformin for Treating HIV Lipodystrophy: A Randomized Trial
van Wijk, J. P. H., de Koning, E. J. P., Cabezas, M. C., op't Roodt, J., Joven, J., Rabelink, T. J., & Hoepelman, A. I. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-143-5-200509060-00009 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bailey CJ, Turner RC. Metformin. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 574-579.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Metformin: An Old But Still the Best Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes
Rojas, L. B. A., & Gomes, M. B. (2013) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-6 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Mulligan, K., Khatami, H., Schwarz, J.-M., Sakkas, G. K., DePaoli, A. M., Tai, V. W., Wen, M. J., Lee, G. A., Grunfeld, C., & Schambelan, M. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1588 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Kendler, D. L., Borges, J. L. C., Fielding, R. A., Itabashi, A., Krueger, D., Mulligan, K., Camargos, B. M., Sabowitz, B., Wu, C.-H., Yu, E. W., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Densitometry · doi:10.1016/j.jocd.2013.08.020 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Sheth, S. H., & Larson, R. J. (2010) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-10-183 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kohli, R., Shevitz, A., Gorbach, S., & Wanke, C.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kohli, R
- Venue
- HIV Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-08-23
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 420-426
- ISSN
- 1464-2662 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-1293
- OpenAlex
- W2013990609
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- HIV Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (1K24 A1055293, P30-A-142853)
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P01DK045734, DK45734)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000054)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- metformin, HIV lipodystrophy, visceral adipose tissue, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy adverse effects
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin Resistance, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, HIV Infections, Area Under Curve, HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome, Adiposity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
