CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 57Migraine and Headache StudiesSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesOpioid Use Disorder Treatment

Need for Analgesics/drugs of Abuse: A Comparison Between Headache Patients and Addicts by the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ)

Ferrari, A, Cicero, AFG, Bertolini, A, Leone, S, Pasciullo, G, Sternieri, E·2006·Cephalalgia
DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01020.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Our aim was to compare the need for analgesics/drugs of abuse between headache patients—chronic and episodic headache sufferers—and addicts, by the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ). This is a self-completion 10-item instrument to measure dependence upon a variety of substances. We administered the LDQ questionnaire to 122 chronic daily headache (CDH) sufferers who had been taking one dose of analgesic drug every day for at least 1 year; 71 subjects suffering from episodic headache (EH) using analgesics only occasionally; 115 consecutive drug addicts (DA) with a diagnosis of substance dependence. The mean LDQ total score was similar in the CDH (11.58 ± 6.35) and DA (10.37 ± 6.51) groups, and for both it was significantly higher than the score in the EH (5.61 ± 3.00) group ( P < 0.001). The CDH group had the highest scores, and higher scores than the DA group (Z = −8.18, P < 0.001) in item 8, assessing the primacy of effect over the kind of analgesic used, and in item 10 (Z = −5.03, P < 0.001), asking if it is difficult to live without the analgesic; the DA group had the highest scores, and higher scores than the CDH group, in item 9 (Z = −5.07, P < 0.001) addressing the need for the continued administration of the drug to maintain well-being, and in item 3 (Z =−2.39, P < 0.05), exploring compulsion to start the use of the drug. The EH group had lower scores in all items ( P < 0.05) except for item 9, where there was no difference from CDH group; the EH group had also lower scores ( P < 0.001) than the DA group, except for item 8, where, instead, the score was higher than in the DA group (Z = −5.33, P < 0.001). A strong link develops between chronic headache patients and the analgesics they use. This sort of ‘dependence’ appears to be a consequence of headache, originating from the necessity for the analgesic to cope with everyday life.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01020.x

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Ferrari, A., Cicero, A., Bertolini, A., Leone, S., Pasciullo, G., & Sternieri, E.
Affiliations
  • University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (IT)
  • Headache Centre, Division of Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology., University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Corresponding author
Ferrari, A
ORCID
Venue
Cephalalgia
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2006-02
Volume
26
Issue
2
Pages
187-193
ISSN
  • 0333-1024 (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-2982
DOI
10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01020.x
OpenAlex
W2130984946
Cited by
57
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
FWCI
1.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Cephalalgia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
  • IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Keywords
episodic headache, analgesic dependence, drug addiction, substance dependence, analgesic overuse
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, Headache, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Illicit Drugs, Substance-Related Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review