Cited by 193Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumPsychology and Mental Health

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Early childhood aetiology of mental health problems: a longitudinal population-based study

Bayer, Jordana K., Hiscock, Harriet, Ukoumunne, Obioha C., Price, Anna, Wake, Melissa·2008·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

DOI 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01943.x

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Abstract

Background: Mental health problems comprise an international public health issue affecting up to 20% of children and show considerable stability. We aimed to identify child, parenting, and family predictors from infancy in the development of externalising and internalising behaviour problems by age 3 years. Methods: Design Longitudinal, population‐based survey completed by primary caregivers when children were 7, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months old. Participants 733 children sequentially recruited at 6–7 months from routine well‐child appointments (August–September 2004) across six socio‐economically and culturally diverse government areas in Victoria, Australia; 589 (80%) retained at 3 years. Measures 7 months: sociodemographic characteristics, maternal mental health (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)), substance misuse, home violence, social isolation, infant temperament; 12 months: partner relationship, parenting (Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC)); 18, 24 and 36 months: child behaviour (Child Behavior Checklist 1½–5 (CBCL)), PBC, DASS. Results: Sixty‐nine percent of all families attending well‐child clinics took part. The consistent and cumulative predictors of externalising behaviours were parent stress and harsh discipline. Predictors of internalising behaviours included small family size, parent distress, and parenting. Twenty‐five percent of variation in early externalising behaviour and 17% of variation in early internalising behaviour was explained. Conclusions: Effective and cost‐efficient population approaches to preventing mental health problems early in childhood are urgently needed. Programmes must support parents in reducing personal stress as well as negative parenting practices.

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Dedication
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Copyright Page
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Authors: Bayer, J. K., Hiscock, H., Ukoumunne, O. C., Price, A., & Wake, M.
Affiliations: The University of Melbourne (AU)
Royal Children's Hospital (AU)
Murdoch Children's Research Institute (AU)
ORCID: Bayer, Jordana K.
Hiscock, Harriet
Ukoumunne, Obioha C.
Price, Anna
Wake, Melissa
Venue: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2008-10-27
Volume: 49
Issue: 11
Pages: 1166-1174
ISSN: 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
1469-7610
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01943.x
OpenAlex: W2131878256
Cited by: 193
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 11.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Australian Rotary Health
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords: child mental health, early childhood, externalizing problems, parenting practices, harsh discipline, parental stress, maternal mental health, family size, infant temperament, domestic violence, child behavior problems, mental health prevention, well-child clinics
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Child, Preschool, Family, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Infant, Internal-External Control, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mothers, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological, Temperament, Victoria, Parenting, Caregivers, Domestic Violence, Sex Distribution

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Early childhood aetiology of mental health problems: a longitudinal population-based study

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