The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evaluation of a classroom‐based psychosocial intervention in conflict‐affected Nepal: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Background: In situations of ongoing violence, childhood psychosocial and mental health problems require care. However, resources and evidence for adequate interventions are scarce for children in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study evaluated a school‐based psychosocial intervention in conflict‐affected, rural Nepal. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate changes on a range of indicators, including psychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder), psychological difficulties, resilience indicators (hope, prosocial behavior) and function impairment. Children ( n = 325) (mean age = 12.7, SD = 1.04, range 11–14 years) with elevated psychosocial distress were allocated to a treatment or waitlist group. Results: Comparisons of crude change scores showed significant between‐group differences on several outcome indicators, with moderate effect sizes (Cohen d = .41 to .58). After correcting for nested variance within schools, no evidence for treatment effects was found on any outcome variable. Additional analyses showed gender effects for treatment on prosocial behavior (mean change difference: 2.70; 95% CI, .97 to 4.44), psychological difficulties (−2.19; 95% CI, −3.82 to −.56), and aggression (−4.42; 95% CI, −6.16 to −2.67). An age effect for treatment was found for hope (.90; 95% CI, −1.54 to −.26). Conclusions: A school‐based psychosocial intervention demonstrated moderate short‐term beneficial effects for improving social‐behavioral and resilience indicators among subgroups of children exposed to armed conflict. The intervention reduced psychological difficulties and aggression among boys, increased prosocial behavior among girls, and increased hope for older children. The intervention did not result in reduction of psychiatric symptoms.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In Nepal, the same classroom-based intervention was not associated with any main effects,”
From Interventions for Children Affected by War: An Ecological Perspective on Psychosocial Support and Mental Health Care (2013) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“older children displayed an increased sense of hope compared to those in a wait-list control group.57”
From Interventions for Children Affected by War: An Ecological Perspective on Psychosocial Support and Mental Health Care (2013) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“boys improved on psychological difficulties and aggression,”
From Interventions for Children Affected by War: An Ecological Perspective on Psychosocial Support and Mental Health Care (2013) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“girls receiving the intervention improved on pro-social behavior,”
From Interventions for Children Affected by War: An Ecological Perspective on Psychosocial Support and Mental Health Care (2013) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“The studies in children and adolescents focused mainly on two school-based interventions (ERASE Stress62 and the classroom-based intervention57–60) that had PTSD as one of the primary outcomes.”
From Mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings: linking practice and research (2011) · cites this paper as [57]
Citations
Cites
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note
Goodman, R. (1997) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x · Cited by 14,908
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452 · Cited by 4,693
Consort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials
Campbell, M. K., Piaggio, G., Elbourne, D. R., Altman, D. G., & for the CONSORT Group (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e5661 · Cited by 3,510
CONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials
Campbell, M. K., Elbourne, D. R., & Altman, D. G. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7441.702 · Cited by 2,557
BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D. A., CHIAPPETTA, L., BRIDGE, J., MONGA, S., & BAUGHER, M. (1999) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011 · Cited by 2,252
The development and validation of the children’s Hope scale
Snyder, C. R., Hoza, B., Pelham, W. E., Rapoff, M., Ware, L., Danovsky, M., Highberger, L., Ribinstein, H., & Stahl, K. J. (1997) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/22.3.399 · Cited by 1,234
The Child PTSD Symptom Scale: A Preliminary Examination of its Psychometric Properties
Foa, E. B., Johnson, K. M., Feeny, N. C., & Treadwell, K. R. H. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3003_9 · Cited by 1,103
Treatment and prevention of mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries
Patel, V., Araya, R., Chatterjee, S., Chisholm, D., Cohen, A., De Silva, M., Hosman, C., McGuire, H., Rojas, G., & van Ommeren, M. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61240-9 · Cited by 930
Birleson, P. (1981) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00533.x · Cited by 859
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Cohen J., 1988, Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences
- Development Studies Center., 2005, Concern for Others Scale
- Khamis V., 2004, The Impact of Classroom/Community/Camp‐Based Intervention (CBI) program on Palestinian children
- Layne C.M., 2007, PTSD: Science and practice: A comprehensive handbook
- World Bank, 2007, Interim strategy note for Nepal
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–336 of 336
(2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2023.22.pr3
Cuijpers, P. J. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2023.22.pr6
(2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2023.22.pr4
(2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2023.22.pr2
Cuijpers, P. J. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2023.22.pr1
Bhatta, K. R., Shakya, S., Luitel, N. P., & Rai, B. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatrists Association of Nepal · doi:10.3126/jpan.v12i1.59418
Self-citationDeitz, R., & Lahmann, H. (2023) · Journal on Education in Emergencies · doi:10.33682/rjv5-rk42 · Cited by 2
Journal on Education in Emergencies: Volume 9, Number 1 (Complete)
Thompson, N., Colón, S., Burde, D., Arlini, S. M., Chefchaouni, N. C., Chia, J., Gordon, M., Shrestha, N., Østby, G., Gjerløw, H., et al. (2023) · Journal on Education in Emergencies · doi:10.33682/kbsk-pke2
Bangpan, M., Felix, L. M., Soliman, F., et al. (2024) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.17.pr9
Bangpan, M., Felix, L. M., Soliman, F., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.17.pr5
Bangpan, M., Felix, L. M., Soliman, F., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.17.pr2
Bangpan, M. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.17.pr7
Bangpan, M. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.17.pr4
Bangpan, M., Felix, L. M., Soliman, F., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.17.pr3
Bangpan, M., Felix, L. M., Soliman, F., et al. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.17.pr6
Bangpan, M. (2023) · Cambridge Prisms Global Mental Health · doi:10.1017/gmh.2024.17.pr1
Goldstein, M. A., & Goldstein, M. C. (2024) · doi:10.1093/med/9780197640739.003.0018
Social Determinants of Mental Health in South Asia
Pal, A., Parmar, A., & Sharma, P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8078-8_9
Trauma Interventions in Schools: Assessing the Evidence Base
Cosgrove, J., Masiakowski, N. P., Scott, E., Hoey, T., Marshall, T., Ghose, S. S., & Patel, N. A. (2025) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.20250163
Naal, H., Dakdouki, A. E., Chamseddine, Z. M., Govender, V., Bosqui, T. J., AbouHaidar, G. H., Tamim, H., Fouad, F., Say, L., & Saleh, S. S. (2026) · Conflict and Health · doi:10.1186/s13031-026-00831-z
Farajollahi, A., Dakami, H., & Yahyavi, S. T. (2025) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs-166097
Gebus, S., Kerbage, H., Alisic, E., Forsberg, J. T., & Schultz, J.-H. (2025) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100555 · Cited by 1
D’Sa, N., Parvathy, S., Mills, A. L., Berino, M., Boothby, N., & Schuenke-Lucien, K. (2025) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2025.2578544 · Cited by 1
Barry, M. M., & Clarke, A. M. (2014) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) · doi:10.13025/21999
Xie, Y., Zhu, X., Wang, L., Wan, Z., Yang, J., Su, C., Duan, S., Xu, C., & Kan, B. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26103707
Bhaskarapillai, B., Malo, P. K., Kishore, M. T., Joseph, A., Majhi, G., Jaisoorya, T. S., & Thennarasu, K. (2026) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_915_25
Bazzi, O., Kayahan, S. T., Weber, C., Stocker, A., Zanfonato, T., Revet, A., Rolling, J., & Kerbage, H. (2026) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-026-01667-3
Drake, G., Greene, M. C., & Murdoch, A. (2026) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000602
Diazgranados, S., Thuo, B., & López, I. (2026) · Journal on Education in Emergencies · doi:10.33682/q0p3-jc1j
Child Vulnerability Among Afghan Refugee and Forced Migrant Families in Pakistan
Malik, D., Ahmad, I., & Azhar, S. (2026) · Social Work · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-3440-1_73-1
“Through Bhajan-Kirtan”: Toward Informing a Mental Health Intervention for Nepali Older Adults
Adhikari, P., ', L., & McLaren, S. (2026) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2026.2743132
İyileştirmeden Risk Azaltmaya Uzanan Süreçte Türkiye Afet Sonrası İyileştirme Planı (TASİP)
DURUEL, M. C. (2026) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub1499.c5996
Gaire, H., Bhandari, G., Mishra, R., Shrestha, R. L., Dhakal, A. P., & Mahat, P. (2026) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0006666
Ewing, D. L. (2014) · Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex)
Metadata
- Authors
- Jordans, M. J. D., Komproe, I. H., Tol, W. A., Kohrt, B. A., Luitel, N. P., Macy, R. D., & De Jong, J. T. V. M.
- Affiliations
- HealthNet TPO (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Emory University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-06-07
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 818-826
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2115543887
- Cited by
- 337
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 19.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, resilience, hope, prosocial behavior, aggression, psychosocial distress, rural Nepal, gender differences, age differences
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Mental Disorders, Child, Civil Disorders, Combined Modality Therapy, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Male, Nepal, Psychotherapy, Group, Rural Population, School Health Services, Social Behavior, Socialization, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Violence, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Resilience, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review