The DOI matches its Crossref record; 100 of the 100 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Leaf‐out phenology of temperate woody plants: from trees to ecosystems
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Leafing‐out of woody plants begins the growing season in temperate forests and is one of the most important drivers of ecosystem processes. There is substantial variation in the timing of leaf‐out, both within and among species, but the leaf development of almost all temperate tree and shrub species is highly sensitive to temperature. As a result, leaf‐out times of temperate forests are valuable for observing the effects of climate change. Analysis of phenology data from around the world indicates that leaf‐out is generally earlier in warmer years than in cooler years and that the onset of leaf‐out has advanced in many locations. Changes in the timing of leaf‐out will affect carbon sequestration, plant–animal interactions, and other essential ecosystem processes. The development of remote sensing methods has expanded the scope of leaf‐out monitoring from the level of an individual plant or forest to an entire region. Meanwhile, historical data have informed modeling and experimental studies addressing questions about leaf‐out timing. For most species, onset of leaf‐out will continue to advance, although advancement may be slowed for some species because of unmet chilling requirements. More information is needed to reduce the uncertainty in predicting the timing of future spring onset. ContentsSummary926I.Introduction927II.What triggers a plant to leaf‐out?928III.Variation in leaf‐out among species929IV.Leaf‐out and climate change932V.Conclusions937Acknowledgements937References937
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
Parmesan, C., & Yohe, G. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01286 · Cited by 11,265
Ecological responses to recent climate change.
Walther, G.-R., Post, E., Convey, P., Menzel, A., Parmesan, C., Beebee, T. J. C., Fromentin, J.-M., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., & Bairlein, F. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/416389a · Cited by 9,975
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
Parmesan, C. (2006) · Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110100 · Cited by 8,652
Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants
Root, T. L., Price, J. T., Hall, K. R., Schneider, S. H., Rosenzweig, C., & Pounds, J. A. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01333 · Cited by 4,774
Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991
Myneni, R. B., Keeling, C. D., Tucker, C. J., Asrar, G., & Nemani, R. R. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386698a0 · Cited by 3,442
European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern
MENZEL, A., SPARKS, T. H., ESTRELLA, N., KOCH, E., AASA, A., AHAS, R., ALM‐KÜBLER, K., BISSOLLI, P., BRASLAVSKÁ, O., BRIEDE, A., et al. (2006) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x · Cited by 3,143
Shifting plant phenology in response to global change
CLELAND, E., CHUINE, I., MENZEL, A., MOONEY, H., & SCHWARTZ, M. (2007) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2007.04.003 · Cited by 2,335
Feeny, P. (1970) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1934037 · Cited by 1,902
Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests
Valentini, R., Matteucci, G., Dolman, A. J., Schulze, E.-D., Rebmann, C., Moors, E. J., Granier, A., Gross, P., Jensen, N. O., Pilegaard, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35009084 · Cited by 1,626
Running to stand still: adaptation and the response of plants to rapid climate change
Jump, A. S., & Peñuelas, J. (2005) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00796.x · Cited by 1,583
Cited by
Linking plant phenology to conservation biology
Morellato, L. P. C., Alberton, B., Alvarado, S. T., Borges, B., Buisson, E., Camargo, M. G. G., Cancian, L. F., Carstensen, D. W., Escobar, D. F. E., Leite, P. T. P., et al. (2016) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2015.12.033 · Cited by 423
Chilling outweighs photoperiod in preventing precocious spring development
Laube, J., Sparks, T. H., Estrella, N., Höfler, J., Ankerst, D. P., & Menzel, A. (2014) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.12360 · Cited by 389
Extended leaf phenology and the autumn niche in deciduous forest invasions
Fridley, J. D. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11056 · Cited by 353
Gill, A. L., Gallinat, A. S., Sanders-DeMott, R., Rigden, A. J., Short Gianotti, D. J., Mantooth, J. A., & Templer, P. H. (2015) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1093/aob/mcv055 · Cited by 328
Phenotypic plasticity in response to climate change: the importance of cue variation
Bonamour, S., Chevin, L.-M., Charmantier, A., & Teplitsky, C. (2019) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0178 · Cited by 284
Metadata
- Authors
- Polgar, C. A., & Primack, R. B.
- Venue
- New Phytologist
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-07-15
- Volume
- 191
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 926-941
- ISSN
- 0028-646X (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8137
- OpenAlex
- W2147884606
- Cited by
- 553
- References
- 100
- FWCI
- 30.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Leaf‐out phenology of temperate woody plants: from trees to ecosystems. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03803.x
- The paper
- Polgar, C. A., & Primack, R. B. (2011). Leaf‐out phenology of temperate woody plants: from trees to ecosystems. New Phytologist. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03803.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
