The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
P2X7 receptor activation induces CXCL2 production in microglia through NFAT and PKC/MAPK pathways
Open accessAbstract
J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 810–819. Microglia plays an important role in many neurodegenerative conditions. ATP leaked or released by damaged cells triggers microglial activation through P2 receptors, and stimulates the release of oxygen radicals, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from activated microglia. However, little is known about mechanisms underlying ATP‐induced chemokine release from microglia. In this study, we found that a high concentration of ATP induces the mRNA expression and release of CXCL2 from microglia. A similar effect was observed following treatment of microglia with a P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) agonist, 2′‐and 3′‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl) ATP, and this was inhibited by pre‐treatment with a P2X7R antagonist, Brilliant Blue G. ATP induced both activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK) through P2X7R. ATP‐induced mRNA expression of CXCL2 was inhibited by INCA‐6 (an NFAT inhibitor), SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor), U0126 (a MEK‐ERK inhibitor) and JNK inhibitor II (a JNK inhibitor). However, MAPK inhibitors did not inhibit activation of NFAT. In addition, protein kinase C inhibitors suppressed ATP‐induced ERK and JNK activation, and also inhibited ATP‐induced CXCL2 expression in microglia. These results suggest that ATP increased CXCL2 production via both NFAT and protein kinase C/MAPK signaling pathways through P2X7 receptor stimulation in microglia.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Moreover, P2X7 receptor activation also promotes the release of other inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL2 [77–80].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [80]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Karin, M., Liu, Z.-G., & Zandi, E. (1997) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(97)80068-3 · Cited by 2,904
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS OF THE NFAT FAMILY:Regulation and Function
Rao, A., Luo, C. H., & Hogan, P. G. (1997) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.707 · Cited by 2,592
P2X4 receptors induced in spinal microglia gate tactile allodynia after nerve injury
Tsuda, M., Shigemoto‐Mogami, Y., Koizumi, S., Mizokoshi, A., Kohsaka, S., Salter, M. W., & Inoue, K. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01786 · Cited by 1,567
Self-citationSelective inhibition of protein kinase C isozymes by the indolocarbazole Gö 6976
Martiny‐Baron, G., Kazanietz, M. G., Mischak, H., Blumberg, P. M., Kochs, G., Hug, H., Marmé, D., & Schächtele, C. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98335-3 · Cited by 1,565
Immortalization of murine microglial cells by a v-raf / v-myc carrying retrovirus
Blasi, E., Barluzzi, R., Bocchini, V., Mazzolla, R., & Bistoni, F. (1990) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(90)90073-v · Cited by 1,075
Disruption of the P2X7 purinoceptor gene abolishes chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain
Chessell, I. P., Hatcher, J. P., Bountra, C., Michel, A. D., Hughes, J. P., Green, P., Egerton, J., Murfin, M., Richardson, J. C., Peck, W. L., et al. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.01.002 · Cited by 807
UDP acting at P2Y6 receptors is a mediator of microglial phagocytosis
Koizumi, S., Shigemoto-Mogami, Y., Nasu-Tada, K., Shinozaki, Y., Ohsawa, K., Tsuda, M., Joshi, B. V., Jacobson, K. A., Kohsaka, S., & Inoue, K. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05704 · Cited by 802
Self-citationIncreased Level of Extracellular ATP at Tumor Sites: In Vivo Imaging with Plasma Membrane Luciferase
Pellegatti, P., Raffaghello, L., Bianchi, G., Piccardi, F., Pistoia, V., & Di Virgilio, F. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002599 · Cited by 668
The Proto-Oncogene c-maf Is Responsible for Tissue-Specific Expression of Interleukin-4
Ho, I., Hodge, M. R., Rooney, J. W., & Glimcher, L. H. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81299-4 · Cited by 667
Inhibition of protein kinase C μ by various inhibitors. Inhibition from protein kinase c isoenzymes
Gschwendt, M., Dieterich, S., Rennecke, J., Kittstein, W., Mueller, H.-J., & Johannes, F.-J. (1996) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00785-5 · Cited by 644
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–155 of 155
Effects of naringin on learning and memory dysfunction induced by gp120 in rats
Qin, S., Chen, Q., Wu, H., Liu, C., Hu, J., Zhang, D., & Xu, C. (2016) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.020 · Cited by 20
Purinergic-associated immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases
Carracedo, S., Launay, A., Déchelle-Marquet, P.-A., Faivre, É., Blum, D. L., Delarasse, C., & Boué‐Grabot, É. (2024) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102693 · Cited by 20
“P2X7 was reported to be involved in the release of several cytokines and chemokines, notably TNF α , IL-6, CCL2, CCL3 and CXCL2 (Kataoka et al., 2009; Martin et al., 2019; Car-valho et al., 2021; Shiratori et al., 2010; Suzuki, 2004).”
Uesugi, A., Kataoka, A., Tozaki‐Saitoh, H., Koga, Y., Tsuda, M., Robaye, B., Boeynaems, J. M., & Inoue, K. (2012) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22337 · Cited by 18
“Previous work has shown that activation of the P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y12 receptors can be linked to neuropathic pain, microglial chemotaxis, and cytokine release, respectively (Honda et al., 2001; Kataoka et al., 2009; Ohsawa et al., 2007; Shiratori et al., 2010; Tsuda et al., 2003).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPhysiologic roles of P2 receptors in leukocytes
Alberto, A. V. P., Ferreira, N. C. D. S., Bonavita, A. G. C., Nihei, O. K., de Farias, F. P., Bisaggio, R. D. C., Albuquerque, C., Savino, W., Coutinho‐Silva, R., Persechini, P. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.2ru0421-226rr · Cited by 19
ATP-induced cell death: a novel hypothesis for osteoporosis
Wang, W. J., Zhang, H., Sandai, D. A., Zhao, R., Bai, J., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H.-L., & Song, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1324213 · Cited by 17
Santoro, M., Lam, R. K., Blumenfeld, S. E., Tan, W., Ciari, P., Chu, E. K., Saw, N. L., Rijsketic, D. R., Lin, J. S., Heifets, B. D., et al. (2025) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/s41531-025-00872-w · Cited by 16
Extracellular ATP activates NFAT-dependent gene expression in neuronal PC12 cells via P2X receptors
Prasai, P., Stefos, G. C., & Becker, W. B. (2011) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/1471-2202-12-90 · Cited by 16
“The result that P2X7 does not account for NFAT activation by extracellular ATP in PC12 cells is important because P2X7 mediates NFAT activation in other cell types such as microglia and T cells [38-42].”
BackgroundChagas, L. D. S., Trindade, P., Gomes, A. L. T., Mendonça, H. R., Campello‐Costa, P., Faria‐Melibeu, A. D. C., Linden, R., & Serfaty, C. A. (2018) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.10.002 · Cited by 17
“Calcineurin has a classical role on immunological activation, through the Ca2+ -CaN-NFAT pathway, including microglial activation (Nagamoto-Combs and Combs, 2010; Shiratori et al., 2010).”
Macrophage Response Driven by Extracellular ATP
Wang, J., Takemura, N., & Saitoh, T. (2021) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b20-00831 · Cited by 15
Discovery of bilirubin as novel P2X7R antagonist with anti-tumor activity
Zhao, Y., Chen, X., He, C., Gao, G., Chen, Z., & Du, J. (2021) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128361 · Cited by 14
Mechanisms and routes of G-protein coupled receptor-mediated Tau degradation in Alzheimer’s disease
Ananthanarayana, V., Chidambaram, H., Govindaraj, P., Vijayalakshmi, K., & Chinnathambi, S. (2025) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2025.07.003 · Cited by 14
P2X4R and P2X7R in neuropathic pain
Makoto, T., Tozaki‐Saitoh, H., & Inoue, K. (2012) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Membrane Transport and Signalling · doi:10.1002/wmts.47 · Cited by 13
Self-citationConstitutive and functional expression of runt-related transcription factor-2 by microglial cells
Nakazato, R., Takarada, T., Watanabe, T., Nguyen, B. T., Ikeno, S., Hinoi, E., & Yoneda, Y. (2014) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2014.04.010 · Cited by 12
FK506 impairs neutrophil migration that results in increased polymicrobial sepsis susceptibility
Borges, V. D. F., Galant, L. S., Kanashiro, A., Castanheira, F. V. S., Monteiro, V. S., Duarte, D. Â., Rodrigues, F. C., Silva, C. M. S., Schneider, A. H., Cebinelli, G. C. M., et al. (2022) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-022-01669-w · Cited by 11
“In fact, it was demonstrated that calcineurin-NFAT1 signaling is required for the CXCL2 expression in microglia [30].”
BackgroundOcular P2 receptors and glaucoma
Shinozaki, Y., Saito, K., Kashiwagi, K., & Koizumi, S. (2022) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109302 · Cited by 11
Zhao, Y., Chen, X., Lyu, S., Ding, Z., Wu, Y., Gao, Y., & Du, J. (2021) · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · doi:10.1111/cbdd.13867 · Cited by 11
“Among the subtypes, P2X7R is structurally different to other subtypes and regulates the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines (Choi et al., 2018; Shieh et al., 2014; Shiratori et al., 2010; Tafani, Di Vito, et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2020; Young et al., 2018).”
BackgroundYang, Y.-S., Liang, J.-W., Pei, M.-Q., Fang, Y.-M., Sun, Z.-D., & He, H.-F. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1512300 · Cited by 9
“Recently, it has been demonstrated that overexpression of PDCD10 in glioblastoma recruits and activates microglia/ macrophages via CXCL2 (14); in turn, activated BV-2 cells by ATP can also secrete and release CXCL2 (15).”
Synthesis and biological evaluation of carboxamide and quinoline derivatives as P2X7R antagonists
Shah, Q., Hussain, Z., Khan, B. A., Jacobson, K. A., & Iqbal, J. (2023) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106796 · Cited by 9
Nakazato, R., Takarada, T., Ikeno, S., Nakamura, S., Kutsukake, T., Hinoi, E., & Yoneda, Y. (2015) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.24988 · Cited by 8
“In activatedmicroglial cells, C/EBPb regulated the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory factors (Straccia et al., 2011; Dentesano et al., 2012).”
BackgroundNeuropathological links between T2DM and LOAD: systematic review and meta-analysis
Lemche, E., Hortobágyi, T., Kiecker, C. M., & Turkheimer, F. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00040.2024 · Cited by 9
Screening of differentially expressed genes associated with Kawasaki disease by microarray analysis
Jiang, J., Cai, Y., Li, Z., Huang, L., Chen, J., Tian, L., Wu, Z., Li, X., Chen, Z., Chen, C., et al. (2017) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2017.4907 · Cited by 7
Calcineurin inhibition may prevent Alzheimer disease in people with Down syndrome
Dohl, J., Treadwell, Z., Norris, C. M., & Head, E. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70034 · Cited by 6
“170 173 Perhaps unsurprisingly, CN is a driver in neuroinflammatory processes much like in the rest of the body; however, some studies show a role for CN in promoting neuroprotective microglial activation.”
Zhang, K., Ran, R., Zhang, C., Wang, L., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1555732 · Cited by 6
Purinergic Signalling in the Central Nervous System
Burnstock, G., & Verkhratsky, A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28863-0_8 · Cited by 6
Not Just Neurons: Pain Is Orchestrated in Partnership with Many Non-neuronal Cells
Smith, E. S. J., Burton, M. D., Heegaard, A., & Stucky, C. L. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1309-25.2025 · Cited by 5
Kraner, S. D., Sompol, P. M., Prateeptrang, S., Promkan, M., Hongthong, S., Thongsopha, N., Nelson, P. T., & Norris, C. M. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110012 · Cited by 5
Bonsack, F., Foss, C. A., Arbab, A. S., Alleyne, C. H., Pomper, M. G., & Sukumari‐Ramesh, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00066 · Cited by 5
“Furthermore, neuroimmune response after ICH also regulates the brain recruitment of blood-derived monocytes/macrophages (Tessier et al., 1997; Shiratori et al., 2010; Starossom et al., 2012) and a massive infiltration of macrophages in the peri-hematomal region occurs after ICH (Min et al., 2016;…”
BackgroundBibliometric and visual analysis of spinal cord injury-associated macrophages from 2002 to 2023
Zhao, Y., Xia, Q., Zong, H., Wang, Y., Dong, H., Zhu, L., Xia, J., Mao, Q., Weng, Z., Liao, W., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1285908 · Cited by 4
HIV-Associated Sensory Neuropathy
Octaviana, F., Safri, A. Y., Imran, D., & Price, P. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.81176 · Cited by 4
The novel therapeuthic targets in the treatment of chronic pain.
Palomba, R., Bonaccia, P., Graffi, M., & Costa, F. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 3
RetractedShimoyama, H., Tsuda, M., Masuda, T., Yoshinaga, R., Tsukamoto, K., Tozaki‐Saitoh, H., & Inoue, K. (2014) · The Open Pain Journal · doi:10.2174/1876386301407010001 · Cited by 3
“The BV-2 mouse microglial cell line was cultured as described previously [25].”
MethodSelf-citationMacchi, R., Sotelo, A. D., Parrado, A. C., Salaverry, L. S., Blanco, G. A. C., Castro, M. S., Rey-Roldán, E. B., & Canellada, A. M. (2023) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2023.116383 · Cited by 2
Rodent Model of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Demonstrates Systemic Inflammation and Neuromarker Changes
Zhang, A. Y., Haywood, N. S., Money, D., Byler, M. R., Osuru, H. P., Atluri, N., Laubach, V. E., Mehaffey, J. H., Charlton, J. R., Lunardi, N., et al. (2024) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.041 · Cited by 2
Chen, S., Zhu, Y. S., Lin, F., Jiang, H., Liu, H., Li, S., Huang, X., Mo, Y., Wang, J., & Dai, Q. (2025) · Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.cccb.2025.100379 · Cited by 2
“The stimulation of P2 × 7R promotes the neural inflammatory reaction via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway[18,19], whereas EA attenuated microglia stimulation via p38 MAPK[20].”
Purinergic Signaling in Brain Tumors
Bento, C. A., Guimarães, L. M. F., Arnaud-Sampaio, V. F., Rabelo, I. L. A., Juvenal, G. D. A., Ulrich, H., & Lameu, C. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26945-5_13 · Cited by 1
Knaryan, V. H., & Sarukhanyan, F. P. (2024) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-024-01564-3 · Cited by 1
Wu, J., Fu, J., Wang, S., Wu, Y., Wang, X., Feng, S., Shi, Q. W., Wang, Y., Shi, Y., Fang, Y., et al. (2026) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-026-08860-5 · Cited by 1
“The experiments complied with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Tianjin Huanhu Hospital Ethics Committee (approval number: HHLL-2025-044).”
Knaryan, V. H., & Sarukhanyan, F. P. (2023) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202312307132 · Cited by 1
Takenouchi, T., Sekiyama, K., Fujita, M., Sugama, S., Iwamaru, Y., Kitani, H., & Hashimoto, M. (2013) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781849737357-00341
The Role of Astrocytic Calcineurin Activation and Downstream Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Pleiss, M. M. (2016) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2016.470
“Microglia, in particular, express numerous CN-dependent substrates, including NFATs that play key roles in cytokine production and neuroinflammation (Nagamoto-Combs and Combs, 2010; Shiratori et al., 2010 Kim et al., 2011; Rosenkranz et al., 2012; Rojanathammenee et al., 2013).”
Microglial Function in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Injury and Recovery
Cho, A.-H., Michael, N., Cribbs, D. H., & Fisher, M. (2017) · Springer series in translational stroke research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66679-2_23
The Role of NFAT Family Transcription Factors in Diabetic Retinopathy
Bretz, C. A. (2015)
Hanamsagar, R., Cardona, S. M., Kielian, T., & Cardona, A. E. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1429-6_5
Lin, F., Zhu, Y., Liu, H., Li, S., Huang, X., Mo, Y., Wang, J., & Dai, Q. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1635301/v1
Song, J., Bai, H., Chen, S., Xing, Y., & Lou, J. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30422
“In addition, microglia activation after cerebral hemorrhage can secrete chemokines such as CXCL1 and CCL2 to chemotactic neutrophils and monocytes to migrate into the brain [38], aggravating secondary brain injury post cerebral hemorrhage.”
BackgroundLu, W., Xie, L., Zhang, Y., Gao, H. Z., Geng, D., Xie, C., Liu, M., & Wang, G. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16197
“54,55 In the presence of INCA-6, SEAP expressions were significantly inhibited under both high and low glucose concentrations in C2C12 cells, revealing the NFAT-based regulation of SEAP expression (Figure 2G).”
Liu, M., Zhang, S.-B., Luo, Y.-X., Yang, Y.-L., Zhang, X.-Z., Li, B., Meng, Y., Chen, Y.-J., Guo, R.-X., Xiong, Y.-C., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13108610
Liu, M., Zhang, S.-B., Luo, Y.-X., Yang, Y.-L., Zhang, X.-Z., Li, B., Meng, Y., Chen, Y.-J., Guo, R.-X., Xiong, Y.-C., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13108619
Liu, M., Zhang, S.-B., Luo, Y.-X., Yang, Y.-L., Zhang, X.-Z., Li, B., Meng, Y., Chen, Y.-J., Guo, R.-X., Xiong, Y.-C., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13108616
Liu, M., Zhang, S.-B., Luo, Y.-X., Yang, Y.-L., Zhang, X.-Z., Li, B., Meng, Y., Chen, Y.-J., Guo, R., Xiong, Y.-C., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13108613
Liu, M., Zhang, S.-B., Luo, Y.-X., Yang, Y.-L., Zhang, X.-Z., Li, B., Meng, Y., Chen, Y.-J., Guo, R.-X., Xiong, Y.-C., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13108607
Amormino, M. S., Júnior, R. E. M., Vasconcelos, R. F., dos Santos, I. N., Gonçalves, A. B. R. D. M., Mendes, M. V., Santos, J. D. L., Barroso, F. A. L., Azevedo, V. A. D. C., Maioli, T. U., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-48677-y
Zhang, Y., Jin, L., Liu, X., Shi, W., Wang, Q., & Wu, S. (2026) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2026.122463
BindingDB Entry 50015439: Discovery of bilirubin as novel P2X7R antagonist with anti-tumor activity.
BindingDB (2023) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2d222js
Metadata
- Authors
- Shiratori, M., Tozaki‐Saitoh, H., Yoshitake, M., Tsuda, M., & Inoue, K.
- Affiliations
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Inoue, Kazuhide
- Venue
- Journal of Neurochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-07-06
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 810-819
- ISSN
- 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-4159
- OpenAlex
- W1575476617
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- P2X7 receptor, microglia, CXCL2, chemokine secretion, ATP, NFAT, MAPK signaling, protein kinase C, p38 MAPK, ERK, JNK, Brilliant Blue G, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Cell Line, Protein Kinase C, Up-Regulation, Microglia, Receptors, Purinergic P2, MAP Kinase Signaling System, NFATC Transcription Factors, Mice, Rats, Chemokine CXCL2, Receptors, Purinergic P2X7, Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
