P2X7‐dependent, but differentially regulated release of IL‐6, CCL2, and TNF‐α in cultured mouse microglia
Abstract
ATP is an important regulator of microglia and its effects on microglial cytokine release are currently discussed as important contributors in a variety of brain diseases. We here analyzed the effects of ATP on the production of six inflammatory mediators (IL‐6, IL‐10, CCL2, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐12p70) in cultured mouse primary microglia. Stimulation of P2X7 receptor by ATP (1 mM) or BzATP (500 µM) evoked the mRNA expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines IL‐6, TNF‐α, and the chemokine CCL2 in WT cells but not in P2X7−/− cells. The effects of ATP and BzATP were inhibited by the nonselective P2 receptor antagonists PPADs and suramin. Various selective P2X7 receptor antagonists blocked the P2X7‐dependent release of IL‐6 and CCL2, but, surprisingly, had no effect on BzATP‐induced release of TNF‐α in microglia. Calcium measurements confirmed that P2X7 is the main purine receptor activated by BzATP in microglia and showed that all P2X7 antagonists were functional. It is also presented that pannexin‐1 hemichannel function and potential P2X4/P2X7 heterodimers are not involved in P2X7‐dependent release of IL‐6, CCL2, and TNF‐α in microglia. How P2X7‐specific antagonists only affect P2X7‐dependent IL‐6 and CCL2 release, but not TNF‐α release is at the moment unclear, but indicates that the P2X7‐dependent release of cytokines in microglia is differentially regulated. GLIA 2014;62:592–607
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
P2X7 receptor activation also promotes the release of other inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL2.
“Moreover, P2X7 receptor activation also promotes the release of other inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, and CXCL2 [77–80].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [79]
Cites
Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
Ginhoux, F., Greter, M., Leboeuf, M., Nandi, S., See, P., Gokhan, S., Mehler, M. F., Conway, S. J., Ng, L. G., Stanley, E. R., et al. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194637 · Cited by 5,175 · see citing works
Kettenmann, H., Hanisch, U.-K., Noda, M., & Verkhratsky, A. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2010 · Cited by 3,547 · see citing works
Molecular Physiology of P2X Receptors
North, R. A. (2002) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2002 · Cited by 2,919 · see citing works
Surprenant, A., Rassendren, F., Kawashima, E., North, R. A., & Buell, G. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5262.735 · Cited by 1,739 · see citing works
Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life
Ajami, B., Bennett, J. L., Krieger, C., Tetzlaff, W., & Rossi, F. M. V. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2014 · Cited by 1,643 · see citing works
Microglia emerge from erythromyeloid precursors via Pu.1- and Irf8-dependent pathways
Kierdorf, K., Erny, D., Goldmann, T., Sander, V., Schulz, C., Perdiguero, E. G., Wieghofer, P., Heinrich, A., Riemke, P., Hölscher, C., et al. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3318 · Cited by 1,457 · see citing works
Self-citationPannexin‐1 mediates large pore formation and interleukin‐1β release by the ATP‐gated P2X7 receptor
Pelegrı́n, P., & Surprenant, A. (2006) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601378 · Cited by 1,428 · see citing works
Lewis, C. J., Neidhart, S., Holy, C., North, R. A., Buell, G. N., & Surprenant, A. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377432a0 · Cited by 997 · see citing works
Origin and differentiation of microglia
Ginhoux, F., Lim, S., Hoeffel, G., Low, D., & Huber, T. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00045 · Cited by 905 · cited 1× · see citing works
“They become true brain cells in the sense that they do not leave the brain but develop into a self-renewable population not replaced by peripheral myeloid cells (Ajami et al., 2007; Kierdorf et al., 2013; Ginhoux et al., 2010, 2013).”
BackgroundMicroglia: Scapegoat, saboteur, or something else?
Aguzzi, A., Barres, B. A., & Bennett, M. L. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1227901 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Interleukin 1 regulates synthesis of amyloid beta-protein precursor mRNA in human endothelial cells.
Goldgaber, D., Harris, H. W., Hla, T., Maciag, T., DONNELLY, R. J., Jacobsen, J. S., Vitek, M. P., & Gajdusek, D. C. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7606 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Janus-faced microglia: beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis
Sierra, A., Abiega, O., Shahraz, A., & Neumann, H. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00006 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Liaisons dangereuses: P2X7 and the inflammasome
Di Virgilio, F. (2007) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2007.07.002 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Ferrari, D., Chiozzi, P., Falzoni, S., Hanau, S., & Virgilio, F. D. (1997) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.185.3.579 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Extracellular ATP Triggers Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Release from Rat Microglia
Hide, I., Tanaka, M., Inoue, A., Nakajima, K., Kohsaka, S., Inoue, K., & Nakata, Y. (2000) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750965.x · Cited by 447 · see citing works
P2X7 Receptor Differentially Couples to Distinct Release Pathways for IL-1β in Mouse Macrophage
Pelegrı́n, P., Barroso-Gutierrez, C., & Surprenant, A. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7147 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Matute, C., Torre, I., Pérez‐Cerdá, F., Pérez‐Samartín, A., Alberdi, E. M., Etxebarria, E., Arranz, A. M., Ravid, R., Antigüedad, A. R., Sánchez‐Gómez, M. V., et al. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0579-07.2007 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Extracellular ATP in the Immune System: More Than Just a “Danger Signal”
Trautmann, A. (2009) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.256pe6 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Suzuki, T., Hide, I., Ido, K., Kohsaka, S., Inoue, K., & Nakata, Y. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3792-03.2004 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Dinter, A., & Berger, E. G. (1998) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s004180050256 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Monif, M., Reid, C. A., Powell, K. L., Smart, M. L., & Williams, D. A. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5512-08.2009 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Yamamoto, M., Kiyota, T., Horiba, M., Buescher, J. L., Walsh, S. M., Gendelman, H. E., & Ikezu, T. (2007) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.060378 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Microglia Protect Neurons against Ischemia by Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor
Lambertsen, K. L., Clausen, B. H., Babcock, A. A., Gregersen, R., Fenger, C., Nielsen, H. H., Haugaard, L. S., Wirenfeldt, M., Nielsen, M., Dagnæs‐Hansen, F., et al. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5505-08.2009 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
The function of microglia through purinergic receptors: Neuropathic pain and cytokine release
Inoue, K. (2005) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.07.001 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Pharmacological characterization of the human P2Y11 receptor
Communi, D., Robaye, B., & Boeynaems, J. (1999) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702909 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Mammalian P2X7 receptor pharmacology: comparison of recombinant mouse, rat and human P2X7 receptors
Donnelly‐Roberts, D. L., Namovic, M. T., Han, P., & Jarvis, M. F. (2009) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00233.x · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Trophic activity of a naturally occurring truncated isoform of the P2X7 receptor
Adinolfi, E., Cirillo, M., Woltersdorf, R., Falzoni, S., Chiozzi, P., Pellegatti, P., Callegari, M. G., Sandonà, D., Markwárdt, F., Schmalzing, G., et al. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.09-153601 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Evidence for Functional P2X4/P2X7 Heteromeric Receptors
Guo, C. Y., Masin, M., Qureshi, O. S., & Murrell‐Lagnado, R. D. (2007) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.107.035980 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Brambilla, R., Ashbaugh, J. J., Magliozzi, R., Dellarole, A., Karmally, S., Szymkowski, D. E., & Bethea, J. R. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr199 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Shigemoto‐Mogami, Y., Koizumi, S., Tsuda, M., Ohsawa, K., Kohsaka, S., & Inoue, K. (2001) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00514.x · Cited by 173 · see citing works
The P2X7 receptor–pannexin connection to dye uptake and IL-1β release
Pelegrı́n, P., & Surprenant, A. (2009) · Purinergic Signalling · doi:10.1007/s11302-009-9141-7 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
P2x7 deficiency suppresses development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Sharp, A. J., Polak, P. E., Simonini, M. V., Lin, S. X., Richardson, J. C., Bongarzone, E. R., & Feinstein, D. L. (2008) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-5-33 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
P2X7 receptor activation induces CXCL2 production in microglia through NFAT and PKC/MAPK pathways
Shiratori, M., Tozaki‐Saitoh, H., Yoshitake, M., Tsuda, M., & Inoue, K. (2010) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06809.x · Cited by 153 · cited 3× · see citing works
“P2X7 stimulation leads to IL-1b, CCL3, TNF-a, and CXCL2 release in immortalized microglia-like cells or rat microglia (Ferrari et al., 1997; Hide et al., 2000; Kataoka et al., 2009; Shiratori et al., 2010; Suzuki et al., 2004).”
BackgroundBianco, F., Fumagalli, M., Pravettoni, E., D’Ambrosi, N., Volonté, C., Matteoli, M., Abbracchio, M. P., & Verderio, C. (2005) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.12.004 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
A role for P2X 7 in microglial proliferation
Bianco, F., Ceruti, S., Colombo, A. V., Fumagalli, M., Ferrari, D., Pizzirani, C., Matteoli, M., Virgilio, F. D., Abbracchio, M. P., & Verderio, C. (2006) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04101.x · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Microglia and synapse interactions: fine tuning neural circuits and candidate molecules
Miyamoto, A., Wake, H., Moorhouse, A. J., & Nabekura, J. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00070 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Rampe, D., Wang, L., & Ringheim, G. E. (2003) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.014 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
The brain’s best friend: microglial neurotoxicity revisited
Hellwig, S., Heinrich, A., & Biber, K. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00071 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Kataoka, A., Tozaki‐Saitoh, H., Koga, Y., Tsuda, M., & Inoue, K. (2009) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05744.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Lee, H. G., Won, S. M., Gwag, B. J., & Lee, Y. B. (2011) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3858/emm.2011.43.1.001 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kim, B., Jeong, H., Kim, J.-H., Lee, S. Y., Jou, I., & Joe, E. (2011) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1000212 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Mingam, R., Smedt, V. D., Amédée, T., Bluthé, R.-M., Kelley, K. W., Dantzer, R., & Layé, S. (2007) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2007.08.007 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
P2X7 receptors on microglial cells mediate injury to cortical neurons in vitro
Skaper, S. D., Facci, L., Culbert, A. A., Evans, N. A., Chessell, I. P., Davis, J. B., & Richardson, J. C. (2006) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20379 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Phosphoinositides Regulate P2X4ATP-Gated Channels through Direct Interactions
Bernier, L., Ase, A. R., Chevallier, S., Blais, D., Zhao, Q., Boué‐Grabot, É., Logothetis, D. E., & Séguéla, P. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3038-08.2008 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Bernardino, L., Balosso, S., Ravizza, T., Marchi, N., Ku, G., Randle, J. C. R., Malva, J., & Vezzani, A. (2008) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05387.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Biber, K. P. H., Pinto‐Duarte, A., Wittendorp, M. C., Dolga, A. M., Fernandes, C. C., Künzel, J. V. F. D., Keijser, J. N., de Vries, R., IJzerman, A. P., Ribeiro, J. A., et al. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301612 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationAlam, M. S., Kurtz, C. C., Wilson, J. M., et al. (2009) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2009.4 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Carrasquero, L. M. G., Delicado, E. G., Bustillo, D., Gutiérrez-Martı́n, Y., Artalejo, A. R., & Miras‐Portugal, M. T. (2009) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06179.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
P2X2 and P2X5 Subunits Define a New Heteromeric Receptor with P2X7-Like Properties
Compan, V., Ulmann, L., Stelmashenko, O., Chemin, J., Chaumont‐Dubel, S., & Rassendren, F. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6332-11.2012 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Chertoff, M., Paolo, N. D., Schöneberg, A., Depino, A. M., Ferrari, C. C., Wurst, W., Pfizenmaier, K., Eisel, U. L. M., & Pitossi, F. J. (2010) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.11.010 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Friedle, S. A., Curet, M., & Watters, J. J. (2009) · Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery · doi:10.2174/157488910789753530 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Yanagisawa, D., Kitamura, Y., Takata, K., Hide, I., Nakata, Y., & Taniguchi, A. T. (2008) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.31.1121 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Focal cerebral ischemia in the TNFalpha-transgenic rat
Pettigrew, L. C., Kindy, M. S., Scheff, S. W., et al. (2008) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-5-47 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ogata, T., Chuai, M., Morino, T., et al. (2003) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)03028-2 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The P2X7‐Egr pathway regulates nucleotide‐dependent inflammatory gene expression in microglia
Friedle, S. A., Brautigam, V. M., Nikodémová, M., Wright, M. L., & Watters, J. J. (2010) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.21071 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kim, J., Ryu, H. J., & Kang, T. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-62 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Distinct migratory and cytokine responses of human microglia and macrophages to ATP
Lambert, C., Ase, A. R., Séguéla, P., & Antel, J. P. (2010) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.02.010 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Fotheringham, J., Mayne, M. B., Grant, J. A., & Geiger, J. D. (2004) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.06.029 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Dash, P. K., & Moore, A. (1995) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1372 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The Stoichiometry of P2X2/6 Receptor Heteromers Depends on Relative Subunit Expression Levels
Barrera, N. P., Henderson, R. M., Murrell‐Lagnado, R. D., & Edwardson, J. M. (2007) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1529/biophysj.106.101048 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Buenestado, A., Grassin‐Delyle, S., Reguigne-Arnould, I., Besnard, F., Naline, E., Blouquit‐Laye, S., Chapelier, A. R., Bellamy, J., & Devillier, P. (2010) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00614.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sun, W., Moore, J. N., Hurley, D. J., Vandenplas, M. L., Linden, J. M., Cao, Z., & Murray, T. F. (2007) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.08.011 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Action of Natural Products on P2 Receptors: A Reinvented Era for Drug Discovery
Faria, R. X., Ferreira, L., Soares‐Bezerra, R. J., et al. (2012) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules171113009 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Visentin, S., Nuccio, C. D., & Bellenchi, G. C. (2006) · Purinergic Signalling · doi:10.1007/s11302-006-9023-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
McIlvain, H. B., Ma, L., Ludwig, B., Manners, M. T., Martone, R. L., Dunlop, J., Kaftan, E. J., Kennedy, J. D., & Whiteside, G. T. (2010) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.046 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The P2X7 Receptor in Infection and Inflammation
Di Virgilio, F., Dal Ben, D., Sarti, A. C., Giuliani, A. L., & Falzoni, S. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.020 · Cited by 1,267 · see citing works
The P2X7 Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: Angel or Demon?
Savio, L. E. B., de Andrade Mello, P., da Silva, C. G., & Coutinho-Silva, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00052 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Varvel, N. H., Neher, J. J., Bosch, A., Wang, W., Ransohoff, R. M., Miller, R. J., & Dingledine, R. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1604263113 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Danger signals in stroke and their role on microglia activation after ischemia
Gülke, E., Gelderblom, M., & Magnus, T. (2018) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/1756286418774254 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
The microglial ATP‐gated ion channel P2X7 as a CNS drug target
Bhattacharya, A., & Biber, K. (2016) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23001 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Self-citationThe P2X7 Receptor: Central Hub of Brain Diseases
Andrejew, R., Oliveira-Giacomelli, Á., Ribeiro, D. E., Glaser, T., Arnaud-Sampaio, V. F., Lameu, C., & Ulrich, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.00124 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology
Ribeiro, D. E., Oliveira-Giacomelli, Á., Glaser, T., Arnaud-Sampaio, V. F., Andrejew, R., Dieckmann, L., Baranova, J., Lameu, C., Ratajczak, M. Z., & Ulrich, H. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00965-3 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Liu, J., Buisman-Pijlman, F., & Hutchinson, M. R. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00309 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Masuch, A., Shieh, C., van Rooijen, N., van Calker, D., & Biber, K. (2016) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.22904 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of P2X7 Receptors in Immune Responses During Neurodegeneration
Oliveira-Giacomelli, Á., Petiz, L. L., Andrejew, R., Turrini, N., Silva, J. B., Sack, U., & Ulrich, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.662935 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
P2X7 Receptor Signaling Contributes to Sepsis-Associated Brain Dysfunction
Savio, L. E. B., Andrade, M. G. J., de Andrade Mello, P., Santana, P. T., Moreira-Souza, A. C. A., Kolling, J., Longoni, A., Feldbrügge, L., Wu, Y., Wyse, A. T. S., et al. (2017) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0168-9 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ernest James Phillips, T., & Maguire, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.652593 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Clinical Phenotype of Depression Affects Interleukin-6 Synthesis
Zadka, Ł., Dzięgiel, P., Kulus, M., & Olajossy, M. (2017) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2016.0074 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Increased Extracellular ATP in Plasma of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Activates CD8+T Cells
Tripathy, A., Padhan, P., Swain, N., Raghav, S. K., & Gupta, B. (2021) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.12.010 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Shieh, C., Heinrich, A., Serchov, T., van Calker, D., & Biber, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Biber, Knut
- Venue
- Glia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-01-28
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 592-607
- ISSN
- 0894-1491 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-1136
- OpenAlex
- W2116854644
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 13.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Glia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- P2X7 receptor, microglia, ATP, BzATP, purinergic signaling, cytokine production, interleukin-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, P2X7 antagonists, inflammatory cytokines, calcium signaling, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Brain, Calcium, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Microglia, Connexins, Chemokine CCL2, Mice, Receptors, Purinergic P2X7, Receptors, Purinergic P2X4, Purinergic P2X Receptor Agonists, Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
