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Statistical methods for conducting agreement (comparison of clinical tests) and precision (repeatability or reproducibility) studies in optometry and ophthalmology
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Citation information : McAlinden C, Khadka J & Pesudovs K. Statistical methods for conducting agreement (comparison of clinical tests) and precision (repeatability or reproducibility) studies in optometry and ophthalmology. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011, 31 , 330–338. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2011.00851.x The ever‐expanding choice of ocular metrology and imaging equipment has driven research into the validity of their measurements. Consequently, studies of the agreement between two instruments or clinical tests have proliferated in the ophthalmic literature. It is important that researchers apply the appropriate statistical tests in agreement studies. Correlation coefficients are hazardous and should be avoided. The ‘limits of agreement’ method originally proposed by Altman and Bland in 1983 is the statistical procedure of choice. Its step‐by‐step use and practical considerations in relation to optometry and ophthalmology are detailed in addition to sample size considerations and statistical approaches to precision (repeatability or reproducibility) estimates.
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“This was consistent with recommendations from McAlinden et al that sample sizes for agreement studies should include at least 100 subjects(McAlinden et al., 2011).”
From Acceptability and Concordance of Self- Versus Clinician- Sampling for HPV Testing among Rural South Indian Women (2021) · cites this paper as McAlinden et al., 2011
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Metadata
- Authors
- McAlinden, C., Khadka, J., & Pesudovs, K.
- Affiliations
- Flinders University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- McAlinden, Colm
- Venue
- Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics
- Published
- 2011-05-26
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 330-338
- ISSN
- 0275-5408 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-1313
- OpenAlex
- W2126376404
- Cited by
- 436
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Keywords
- repeatability, reproducibility, limits of agreement, correlation coefficient, ophthalmic instruments, sample size, measurement precision, optometry
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Ophthalmology, Optometry, Vision, Ocular, Reproducibility of Results, Qualitative Research
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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