The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Why chronic wounds will not heal: a novel hypothesis
Abstract
The present paper presents a hypothesis aimed at explaining why venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers develop into a chronic state. We propose that the lack of proper wound healing is at least in part caused by inefficient eradication of infecting, opportunistic pathogens, a situation reminiscent of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections found in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). We have analyzed sections from chronic wounds by fluorescence in situ hybridization and found distinct microcolonies--the basal structures of bacterial biofilms. Several researchers have previously reported that another important hallmark of biofilm formation is development of increased tolerance to various antimicrobial measures and treatments. Furthermore, the immune response to infecting bacteria in the cystic fibrosis lung is dominated by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and we have recently shown that in vitro biofilms of P. aeruginosa produce a shielding mechanism that offers protection from the phagocytic activity of PMNs. We hypothesize that the presence of P. aeruginosa in biofilms, and the lack of concomitant elimination by attended PMNs, are the main causes of inefficient eradication by antibiotic treatment and antimicrobial activity of the innate immune system, respectively.
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Citations
Cites
Identification of the Cystic Fibrosis Gene: Cloning and Characterization of Complementary DNA
Riordan, J. R., Rommens, J. M., Kerem, B.-S., Alon, N., Rozmahel, R., Grzelczak, Z., Zielenski, J., Lok, S., Plavsic, N., Chou, J.-L., et al. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2475911 · Cited by 7,418
Biofilms: Survival Mechanisms of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms
Donlan, R. M., & Costerton, J. W. (2002) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.15.2.167-193.2002 · Cited by 6,644
Identification of the Cystic Fibrosis Gene: Genetic Analysis
Kerem, B.-S., Rommens, J. M., Buchanan, J. A., Markiewicz, D., Cox, T. K., Chakravarti, A., Buchwald, M., & Tsui, L.-C. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2570460 · Cited by 4,142
Edwards, R., & Harding, K. G. (2004) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/00001432-200404000-00004 · Cited by 1,099
Yager, D. R., Zhang, L.-Y., Liang, H.-X., Diegelmann, R. F., & Cohen, I. K. (1996) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12365637 · Cited by 389
Bacterial colonization and healing of venous leg ulcers
Madsen, S. M., Westh, H., Danielsen, L., & Rosdahl, V. T. (1996) · APMIS · doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1996.tb04955.x · Cited by 164 · cited 1×
“aeruginosa also seems to delay or even prevent the healing process.(18) Even now, the biofilm mode of bacterial growth has not yet been satisfactorily identified in chronic wounds; however, the clinical signs are similar”
BackgroundQualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis of sputa of 102 patients with cystic fibrosis
Bauernfeind, A., Hörl, G., Jungwirth, R., Petermüller, C., Przyklenk, B., Weisslein-Pfister, C., Bertele, R. M., & Harms, K. (1987) · Infection · doi:10.1007/bf01644137 · Cited by 150
Cited by
Factors affecting wound healing
Guo, S., & DiPietro, L. A. (2010) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034509359125 · Cited by 5,792
Sindrilaru, A., Peters, T., Wieschalka, S., Baican, C., Baican, A., Peter, H., Hainzl, A., Schatz, S., Qi, Y., Schlecht, A., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci44490 · Cited by 1,100
Bjarnsholt, T., Alhede, M., Alhede, M., Eickhardt-Sørensen, S. R., Moser, C., Kühl, M., Jensen, P. Ø., & Høiby, N. (2013) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2013.06.002 · Cited by 764
Self-citationESCMID∗ guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of biofilm infections 2014
Høiby, N., Bjarnsholt, T., Moser, C., Bassi, G. L., Coenye, T., Donelli, G., Hall-Stoodley, L., Holá, V., Imbert, C., Kirketerp-Møller, K., et al. (2015) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2014.10.024 · Cited by 726
Self-citationDowd, S. E., Wolcott, R. D., Sun, Y., McKeehan, T., Smith, E., & Rhoads, D. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003326 · Cited by 481
Metadata
- Authors
- Bjarnsholt, T., Kirketerp‐Møller, K., Jensen, P. Ø., Madsen, K. G., Phipps, R., Krogfelt, K., Høiby, N., & Givskov, M.
- Venue
- Wound Repair and Regeneration
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-10-03
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-10
- ISSN
- 1067-1927 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-475X
- OpenAlex
- W2145402561
- Cited by
- 886
- References
- 7
- FWCI
- 10.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Why chronic wounds will not heal: a novel hypothesis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1524-475x.2007.00283.x
- The paper
- Bjarnsholt, T., Kirketerp‐Møller, K., Jensen, P. Ø., Madsen, K. G., Phipps, R., Krogfelt, K., Høiby, N., & Givskov, M. (2008). Why chronic wounds will not heal: a novel hypothesis. Wound Repair and Regeneration. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-475x.2007.00283.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
