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Cited by 1,099Wound Healing and TreatmentsBacterial biofilms and quorum sensingSurgical site infection prevention

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Bacteria and wound healing

Edwards, Ruth, Harding, Keith G·2004·Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1097/00001432-200404000-00004
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Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Wound healing is a complex process with many potential factors that can delay healing. There is increasing interest in the effects of bacteria on the processes of wound healing. All chronic wounds are colonized by bacteria, with low levels of bacteria being beneficial to the wound healing process. Wound infection is detrimental to wound healing, but the diagnosis and management of wound infection is controversial, and varies between clinicians. RECENT FINDINGS: There is increasing recognition of the concept of critical colonization or local infection, when wound healing may be delayed in the absence of the typical clinical features of infection. The progression from wound colonization to infection depends not only on the bacterial count or the species present, but also on the host immune response, the number of different species present, the virulence of the organisms and synergistic interactions between the different species. There is increasing evidence that bacteria within chronic wounds live within biofilm communities, in which the bacteria are protected from host defences and develop resistance to antibiotic treatment. SUMMARY: An appreciation of the factors affecting the progression from colonization to infection can help clinicians with the interpretation of clinical findings and microbiological investigations in patients with chronic wounds. An understanding of the physiology and interactions within multi-species biofilms may aid the development of more effective methods of treating infected and poorly healing wounds. The emergence of consensus guidelines has helped to optimize clinical management.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/00001432-200404000-00004

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Non-healing wounds are often complicated with bacterial infection, which sustains neutrophil/macrophage influx and delays repair.

    “Non-healing wounds are often complicated with bacterial infection, which sustains a continuous influx of neutrophils and macrophages and further delays wound repair [249].”

    From Transition from inflammation to proliferation: a critical step during wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [249]

  • Sub-infective levels of bacteria enhance neutrophil/monocyte infiltration and function, increase granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis, accelerating wound healing.

    “Sub-infective levels of bacteria have been shown to enhance the infiltration and function of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, increase granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis, as a consequence, accelerating wound healing [249].”

    From Transition from inflammation to proliferation: a critical step during wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [249]

  • The transition from colonization to invasive wound infection is determined by bacterial amount, virulence, pathogenicity, and host immune defense.

    “The transition from colonization to invasive wound infection is determined by the amount, the virulence and pathogenicity of the bacteria as well as by the ability of the host to mount an effective immune defense [249].”

    From Transition from inflammation to proliferation: a critical step during wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [249]

  • Prolonged inflammation leads to increased levels of proteases that degrade extracellular matrix and growth factors.

    “Prolonged inflammation leads to increased levels of proteases that degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) and growth factors.21,22”

    From The Innate Immune System in Acute and Chronic Wounds (2016) · cites this paper as [21]

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 43 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Dow, 1999, Ostomy/Wound Manage, 45, 23
  2. Krizek, 1967, Surg Forum, 18, 518
  3. Bowler, 2003, Ostomy/Wound Manage, 49, 44
  4. Wall, 2003, Wound Repair Regen, 20, 346
  5. DeBeer, 1994, ioeng, 44, 636
  6. Mertz, 2003, Wounds, 15, 129
  7. Serralta, 2001, Wounds, 13, 29
  8. Harrison-Balestra, 2003, Dermatol Surg, 29, 631
  9. Geronemus, 1975, Arch Dermatol, 111, 1311

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Metadata

Authors
Edwards, R., & Harding, K. G.
Affiliations
Cardiff University (GB)
Corresponding author
Edwards, Ruth
ORCID
Harding, Keith G
Venue
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2004-04
Volume
17
Issue
2
Pages
91-96
ISSN
0951-7375 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/00001432-200404000-00004
OpenAlex
W2048602281
Cited by
1,099
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 50
FWCI
3.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Wound Healing and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Surgical site infection prevention
Keywords
wound healing, chronic wounds, wound infection, bacterial colonization, local infection, biofilm, antibiotic resistance, host immune response, bacterial virulence, delayed wound healing
MeSH terms
Bacteria, Chronic Disease, Humans, Wound Healing, Wound Infection, Skin Diseases, Bacterial, Biofilms

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