Cited by 5,792Wound Healing and TreatmentsDiabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and ManagementDermatologic Treatments and Research

Factors affecting wound healing

Open access
Guo, S., DiPietro, L.A.·2010·Journal of Dental Research

Abstract

Wound healing, as a normal biological process in the human body, is achieved through four precisely and highly programmed phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. For a wound to heal successfully, all four phases must occur in the proper sequence and time frame. Many factors can interfere with one or more phases of this process, thus causing improper or impaired wound healing. This article reviews the recent literature on the most significant factors that affect cutaneous wound healing and the potential cellular and/or molecular mechanisms involved. The factors discussed include oxygenation, infection, age and sex hormones, stress, diabetes, obesity, medications, alcoholism, smoking, and nutrition. A better understanding of the influence of these factors on repair may lead to therapeutics that improve wound healing and resolve impaired wounds.

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Crossref · 10.1177/0022034509359125

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108 of 108 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Tissue repair and wound healing are impaired in old individuals.

    “Moreover, tissue repair and wound healing are impaired in old individuals (Guo and Dipietro, 2010)”

    From An Essential Role for Senescent Cells in Optimal Wound Healing through Secretion of PDGF-AA (2014) · cites this paper as Guo and Dipietro, 2010

    The Age subsection under Systemic Factors That Influence Healing calls increased age a major risk factor for impaired wound healing and describes age-related delays in repair processes. It also specifies that, in healthy older adults, aging delays wound healing without impairing the quality of healing; the unqualified claim misses that distinction. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The default mammalian host response to tissue injury typically results in deposition of dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue) at the injury site.

    “The default mammalian host response following tissue injury is a well-documented series of events that typically result in the deposition of dense fibrous connective tissue (i.e., scar tissue) within the site of injury [85–87].”
  • Wound healing proceeds through four overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.

    “Wound healing proceeds through four, but overlapping, phases, such as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation (also known as replication and synthesis stage), and remodeling [3, 36].”
  • Aggregated platelets release numerous growth factors, such as PDGF, TGF-α, TGF-β, bFGF, IGF-1, and VEGF, from α granules.

    “The aggregated platelets, “trapped” in the provisional matrix, release, from α granules, numerous growth factors, such as PDGF, TGF-α, TGF-β, bFGF, IGF-1, and VEGF [3, 35, 36, 43].”
  • Fibroblasts are formed mainly from nondifferentiated mesenchymal cells residing in the dermis, which transform into fibroblasts under the influence of cytokines and growth factors released from blood platelets, neutrophils, and macrophages.

    “They are formed mainly from nondifferentiated mesenchymal cells, residing in the dermis, which, under the influence of cytokines and growth factors, released from blood platelets, neutrophils, and macrophages, undergoes a transformation into fibroblasts [3, 64, 65].”

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Waldron DR Zimmerman-Pope N Slatter DH 2003 Superficial skin wounds Textbook of Small Animal Surgery Saunders 271

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Authors
Guo, S., & DiPietro, L. A.
Affiliations
University of Illinois Chicago (US)
Venue
Journal of Dental Research
Published
2010-02-05
Volume
89
Issue
3
Pages
219-229
ISSN
  • 0022-0345 (ISSN-L)
  • 1544-0591
OpenAlex
W1986308133
Cited by
5,792
References
108
Citations by year
2026: 503 · 2025: 616 · 2024: 609 · 2023: 624 · 2022: 568 · 2021: 510 · 2020: 421 · 2019: 404 · 2018: 354 · 2017: 308 · 2016: 238 · 2015: 216 · 2014: 176 · 2013: 120 · 2012: 75
FWCI
12.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Dental Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p20gm078426-04)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01-GM-50875, R01GM050875, P20‐GM078426)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
Keywords
wound healing, delayed wound healing, skin wound healing, hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, tissue remodeling, oxygenation, wound infection, sex hormones, age, stress, diabetes mellitus, obesity, medication, alcoholism, smoking, nutrition, cellular and molecular mechanisms
MeSH terms
Aged, Animals, Body Constitution, Hemostasis, Humans, Inflammation, Middle Aged, Regeneration, Wound Healing, Cell Proliferation

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