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Why do providers contribute to disparities and what can be done about it?
Open accessAbstract
This paper applies social cognition research to understanding and ameliorating the provider contribution to racial/ethnic disparities in health care. We discuss how fundamental cognitive mechanisms such as automatic, unconscious processes (e.g., stereotyping) can help explain provider bias. Even well-intentioned providers who are motivated to be nonprejudiced may stereotype racial/ethnic minority members, particularly under conditions of that diminish cognitive capacity. These conditions-time pressure, fatigue, and information overload-are frequently found in health care settings. We conclude with implications of the social-cognitive perspective for developing interventions to reduce provider bias.
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“the biases of one participant may trigger the biases of the other, magnifying the first participant’s biased responses and leading to a snowball effects [56].”
From Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“There is significant evidence that (1) health care providers hold stereotypes—based on patient race, class, sex, and other characteristics4–17—that influence their interpretation of behaviors and symptoms, and their clinical decisions17–25”
From Reducing Racial Bias Among Health Care Providers: Lessons from Social-Cognitive Psychology (2007) · cites this paper as [6]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Burgess, D. J., Fu, S. S., & Ryn, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Burgess, Diana J.
- Venue
- Journal of General Internal Medicine
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1154-1159
- ISSN
- 0884-8734 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-1497
- PMC
- PMC1494785
- OpenAlex
- W2080008930
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 43.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of General Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Cultural Competency in Health Care
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Keywords
- racial and ethnic disparities, provider bias, stereotyping, implicit bias, social cognition, health care disparities, cognitive ability, time pressure, information overload, bias reduction interventions
- MeSH terms
- Black or African American, Delivery of Health Care, Health Services Research, Humans, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Prejudice, Socioeconomic Factors, Stereotyping, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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