What Do We Know About Metal Recycling Rates?
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Seventeen of 25 identified specialty metals used in vehicles for their particular properties are currently not functionally recycled.
“Seventeen of 25 identified specialty metals used in vehicles for their particular properties are currently not functionally recycled [175,176].”
From Material efficiency strategies to reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with buildings, vehicles, and electronics—a review (2019) · cites this paper as [176]
Cites
Exploring the engine of anthropogenic iron cycles
Müller, D. B., Wang, T., Duval, B. D., & Graedel, T. E. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0603375103 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Self-citationRecycling-oriented characterization of small waste electrical and electronic equipment
Chancerel, P., & Rotter, V. S. (2009) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2009.04.003 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Gaustad, G. G., Olivetti, E., & Kirchain, R. (2010) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00229.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Declaration by the Metals Industry on Recycling Principles
Atherton, J. (2006) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1065/lca2006.11.283 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Evaluation of risks of metal flows and accumulation in economy and environment
Guinée, J. B., van den Bergh, J. C. J. M., Boelens, J., Fraanje, P. J., Huppes, G., Kandelaars, P. P. A. A. H., Lexmond, T. M., Moolenaar, S. W., Olsthoorn, A. A., de Haes, H. A. U., et al. (1999) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/s0921-8009(98)00069-x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The time-varying factors influencing the recycling rate of products
van Schaik, A., & Reuter, M. A. (2003) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/s0921-3449(03)00074-0 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Global Stainless Steel Cycle Exemplifies China’s Rise to Metal Dominance
Reck, B. K., Chambon, M., Hashimoto, S., et al. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es903584q · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationA thermodynamic approach to the compatibility of materials combinations for recycling
Castro, M. B. G., Remmerswaal, J. A. M., Reuter, M. A., & Boin, U. (2004) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2004.04.011 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Metals recycling maps and allocation procedures in life cycle assessment
Dubreuil, A., Young, S. B., Atherton, J., & Gloria, T. P. (2010) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-010-0174-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
van Schaik, A., Reuter, M. A., & Heiskanen, K. (2004) · Minerals Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2003.09.019 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Metals recycling in the United States
Sibley, S. F., Butterman, W. C., & Staff (1995) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/0921-3449(95)00037-2 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring material cycling in industrial systems
Bailey, R., Bras, B., & Allen, J. K. (2007) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.08.005 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Nickel and chromium cycles: Stocks and flows project part IV
Reck, B. K., & Gordon, R. B. (2008) · JOM · doi:10.1007/s11837-008-0090-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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Environmental impact of direct lithium extraction from brines
Vera, M. L., Torres, W. R., Galli, C. I., Chagnes, A., & Flexer, V. (2023) · Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43017-022-00387-5 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Solvent extraction: the coordination chemistry behind extractive metallurgy
Wilson, A. M., Bailey, P. J., Tasker, P. A., Turkington, J. R., Grant, R. A., & Love, J. B. (2014) · Chem. Soc. Rev. · doi:10.1039/c3cs60275c · Cited by 561 · see citing works
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Modaresi, R., Pauliuk, S., Løvik, A. N., & Müller, D. B. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es502930w · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Macroscopic Evidence for the Hibernating Behavior of Materials Stock
Daigo, I., Iwata, K., Ohkata, I., & Goto, Y. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01164 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Matching Demolition and Construction Material Flows, an Urban Mining Case Study
Verhagen, T. J., Sauer, M. L., van der Voet, E., & Sprecher, B. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13020653 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
- Authors
- Graedel, T. E., Allwood, J., Birat, J.-P., Buchert, M., Hagelüken, C., Reck, B. K., Sibley, S. F., & Sonnemann, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- ArcelorMittal (France) (FR)
- Oeko Institut (DE)
- Umicore (Germany) (DE)
- Yale University (US)
- United States Geological Survey (US)
- United Nations Environment Programme (KE)
- Corresponding author
- Graedel, T. E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Industrial Ecology
- Published
- 2011-05-09
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 355-366
- ISSN
- 1088-1980 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W123074691
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Industrial Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln (University of Nebraska) (submittedVersion)
- Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/G007217/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Keywords
- metal recycling, recycling rate, recycled content, recycling efficiency, precious metals
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