Cited by 224Environmental Impact and SustainabilityBIM and Construction IntegrationSustainable Building Design and Assessment

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Construction Matters: Comparing Environmental Impacts of Building Modular and Conventional Homes in the United States

Quale, John, Eckelman, Matthew J., Williams, Kyle W., Sloditskie, Greg, Zimmerman, Julie B.·2012·Journal of Industrial Ecology

DOI 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00424.x

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Abstract

Summary: Modular construction practices are used in many countries as an alternative to conventional on‐site construction for residential homes. While modular home construction has certain advantages in terms of material and time efficiency, it requires a different infrastructure than conventional home construction, and the overall environmental trade‐offs between the two methods have been unclear. This study uses life cycle assessment to quantify the environmental impacts of constructing a typical residential home using the two methods, based on data from several modular construction companies and conventional homebuilders. The study includes impacts from material production and transport, off‐site and on‐site energy use, worker transport, and waste management. For all categories considered, the average impacts of building the home are less for modular construction than for conventional construction, although these averages obscure significant variation among the individual projects and companies.

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Authors: Quale, J., Eckelman, M. J., Williams, K. W., Sloditskie, G., & Zimmerman, J. B.
Corresponding author: Eckelman, Matthew J.
ORCID: Eckelman, Matthew J.
Zimmerman, Julie B.
Venue: Journal of Industrial Ecology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-03-05
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Pages: 243-253
ISSN: 1088-1980 (ISSN-L)
1530-9290
DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00424.x
OpenAlex: W2007072372
Cited by: 220
References: 20
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 2.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Industrial Ecology (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › BIM and Construction Integration
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Sustainable Building Design and Assessment
Keywords: modular construction, residential housing, environmental impact of construction, life cycle assessment, offsite construction, construction energy use, construction waste management, environmental trade-offs

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Construction Matters: Comparing Environmental Impacts of Building Modular and Conventional Homes in the United States

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