Can Agitated Behavior of Nursing Home Residents with Dementia Be Prevented with the Use of Standardized Stimuli?
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the relative effect of different types of stimuli on agitated behaviors of nursing home residents with dementia. DESIGN: Repeated‐measures design with randomized assignment of conditions. SETTING: Seven Maryland nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred eleven nursing home residents with a diagnosis of dementia who exhibited agitation. INTERVENTION: Different types of stimuli (music, social stimuli, simulated social stimuli, and individualized stimuli based on the person's self‐identity) were presented. MEASUREMENTS: Agitation was directly observed and recorded using the Agitation Behavior Mapping Instrument. RESULTS: All stimulus categories were associated with significantly less physical agitation than baseline observations, and all except for manipulative stimuli were associated with significantly less total agitation. Live social stimuli were associated with less agitation than music, self‐identity, work, simulated social, and manipulative stimulus categories. Task and reading stimulus categories were each associated with significantly less agitation than work, simulated social, and manipulative stimulus categories. Music and self‐identity stimuli were associated with less agitation than simulated social and manipulative stimuli. CONCLUSION: Providing stimuli offers a proactive approach to preventing agitation in persons with dementia, with live social stimuli being the most successful.
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Studies comparing touch found a significant improvement in symptomatic and clinically significant agitation compared with usual care.
“Studies comparing touch found a significant improvement in symptomatic and clinically significant agitation compared with usual care. 22,34”
From Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
The Results (page not provided) report significantly less agitation during several stimulus conditions than at baseline, and the Discussion describes baseline as regular nursing-home care. The Methods list the stimuli studied but do not identify a touch intervention; the paper also does not report a clinically significant improvement in agitation. Thus the general reduction in agitation is supported, but the touch-specific and clinical-significance claims are not. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFive included RCTs implemented group activities; those with standard activities reduced mean agitation levels and decreased symptoms in care homes while they were in place.
“Five of the included RCTs implemented group activities; those with standard activities reduced mean agitation levels, and decreased symptoms in care homes while they were in place. 22,23”
From Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials (2014) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Cohen‐Mansfield, J., Marx, M. S., Dakheel‐Ali, M., Regier, N. G., Thein, K., & Freedman, L.
- Affiliations
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1459-1464
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- PMC
- PMC2955178
- OpenAlex
- W1502472383
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG021497)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- dementia, agitation, nursing home residents, behavioral interventions, social stimuli, self-identity, long-term care
- MeSH terms
- Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Attention, Dementia, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Music, Nursing Homes, Object Attachment, Psychomotor Agitation, Self Concept, Geriatric Assessment
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