The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Caring for Individuals with Dementia and Cognitive Impairment, Not Dementia: Findings from the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare the characteristics and outcomes of caregivers of adults with dementia with those of caregivers of adults with cognitive impairment, not dementia (CIND). DESIGN: Cross‐sectional. SETTING: In‐home assessment for cognitive impairment and self‐administered caregiving questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty‐nine primary family caregivers of participants in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS). ADAMS participants were aged 71 and older drawn from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study. MEASUREMENTS: Neuropsychological testing, neurological examination, clinical assessment, and medical history were used to assign a diagnosis of normal cognition, CIND, or dementia. Caregiving measures included caregiving time, functional limitations, depressive symptoms, physical and emotional strain, caregiving rewards, caregiver health, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Dementia caregivers spent approximately 9 hours per day providing care, compared with 4 hours per day for CIND caregivers ( P =.001). Forty‐four percent of dementia caregivers exhibited depressive symptoms, compared with 26.5% of CIND caregivers ( P =.03). Physical and emotional strains were similar in both groups of caregivers. Regardless of the strains, nearly all caregivers reported some benefits from providing care. Behavioral problems ( P =.01) and difficulty with instrumental activities of daily living ( P =.01) in persons with CIND partially explained emotional strain experienced by CIND caregivers. For those with dementia, behavioral problems predicted caregiver emotional strain ( P <.001) and depressive symptoms ( P =.01). CONCLUSION: Although support services are available to dementia caregivers, CIND caregivers also expend considerable time and experience strains. The real caregiver burden of cognitive impairment in the U.S. population may therefore be greatly underestimated if people who have reached the diagnostic threshold for dementia are focused on exclusively.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Among primary caregivers (individuals who indicate having the most responsibility for helping their relatives) of people with dementia, over half take care of their parents.[410][411][412]”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [410]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Caregivers of dementia patients in particular suffer more than other CGs–they tend to have worse mental and physical health, less leisure time, more employment complications and more family conflict [2, 3].”
From Baby boomer caregiver and dementia caregiving: findings from the National Study of Caregiving (2015) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity
Petersen, R. C. (2004) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x · Cited by 7,864
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568
A New Clinical Scale for the Staging of Dementia
Hughes, C. P., Berg, L., Danziger, W., Coben, L. A., & Martin, R. L. (1982) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.140.6.566 · Cited by 7,056
Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study
Ferri, C. P., Prince, M. J., Brayne, C., Brodaty, H., Fratiglioni, L., Ganguli, M., Hall, K. S., Hasegawa, K., Hendrie, H. C., Huang, Y., et al. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67889-0 · Cited by 5,336
Román, G. C., Tatemichi, T. K., Erkinjuntti, T., Cummings, J. L., Masdeu, J. C., Garcia, J. H., Amaducci, L., Orgogozo, J.-M., Brun, A., Hofman, A., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.2.250 · Cited by 4,921
McKeith, I. G., Galasko, D., Kosaka, K., Perry, E. K., Dickson, D. W., Hansen, L. A., Salmon, D. P., Lowe, J., Mirra, S. S., Byrne, E. J., et al. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.47.5.1113 · Cited by 3,960
Caregiving as a Risk Factor for Mortality: The Caregiver Health Effects Study
Schulz, R., & Beach, S. R. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.23.2215 · Cited by 3,340 · cited 2×
“These questions were taken from the Caregiver Health Effects Study.37 Scale scores were calculated separately for physical and emotional strain by taking the mean of the three items; higher values indicate higher levels of strain.”
Petersen, R. C., Stevens, J. C., Ganguli, M., Tangalos, E. G., Cummings, J. L., & DeKosky, S. T. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.9.1133 · Cited by 2,065
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Welsh KA, 1993, Detection of dementia in the elderly using telephone screening of cognitive status, Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol, 6, 103
- OfstedalMB FisherGG HerzogAR.2005. Documentation of cognitive functioning measures in the Health and Retirement Study. HRS/AHEAD Documentation Report DR‐006. Survey Research Center at the Institute for Social Research University of Michigan [on‐line]. Available athttp://hrsonline.isr.umich.edu/sitedocs/userg/dr‐006.pdfAccessed February 19 2010. · DOI · Paper page
- American Psychiatric Association, 1994, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth Edition
- Schneider LS, 2001, NIMH‐CATIE, Alzheimer's disease clinical trial methodology, 9, 346
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.001 · Cited by 5,069
2013 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Thies, W. H., & Bleiler, L. (2013) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.02.003 · Cited by 3,372
2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13016 · Cited by 3,212
2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
(2024) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13809 · Cited by 2,536
2019 Alzheimer’s disease facts and figures.
Alzheimer's Association (2019) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.01.010 · Cited by 2,461
Metadata
- Authors
- Fisher, G. G., Franks, M. M., Plassman, B. L., Brown, S. L., Potter, G. G., Llewellyn, D., Rogers, M. A. M., & Langa, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 488-494
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- PMC
- PMC3646395
- OpenAlex
- W1480900123
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG030155, U01AG009740, R01AG027010)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH087741)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing care and research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- dementia, family caregivers, caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, caregiving time, behavioral problems, instrumental activities of daily living, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Cognition Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dementia, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Time Factors, United States, Linear Models, Caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
