The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 23 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Clinical course of high‐risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Background The characteristics and the clinical course of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in high-risk patients that are positive for all three recommended tests that detect the presence of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies have not been described. Methods This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data examined patients referred to Italian Thrombosis Centers that were diagnosed with definite APS and tested positive for aPL [lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-cardiolipin (aCL), and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) antibodies]. Laboratory data were confirmed in a central reference laboratory. Results One hundred and sixty patients were enrolled in this cohort study. The qualifying events at diagnosis were venous thromboembolism (76 cases; 47.5%), arterial thromboembolism (69 cases; 43.1%) and pregnancy morbidity (11 cases; 9.7%). The remaining four patients (2.5%) suffered from catastrophic APS. The cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events in the follow-up period was 12.2% (95% CI, 9.6-14.8) after 1 year, 26.1% (95% CI, 22.3-29.9) after 5 years and 44.2% (95% CI, 38.6-49.8) after 10 years. This was significantly higher in those patients not taking oral anticoagulants as compared with those on treatment (HR=2.4 95% CI 1.3-4.1; P<0.003). Major bleeding associated with oral anticoagulant therapy was low (0.8% patient/years). Ten patients died (seven were cardiovascular deaths). Conclusions Patients with APS and triple positivity for aPL are at high risk of developing future thromboembolic events. Recurrence remains frequent despite the use of oral anticoagulants, which significantly reduces the risk of thromboembolism.
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TL;DR
In 160 patients with definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and triple positivity for lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin, and anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, thromboembolic recurrence was frequent, with a cumulative incidence of 44.2% at 10 years. Oral anticoagulant treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk of recurrent thromboembolism, while major bleeding on anticoagulation was low.
Key findings
- During follow-up, 55 of 160 patients (34.4%) had a thromboembolic event (25 venous, 30 arterial); cumulative incidence was 12.2% (95% CI 9.6–14.8) at 1 year, 26.1% (95% CI 22.3–29.9) at 5 years, and 44.2% (95% CI 38.6–49.8) at 10 years.
- Oral anticoagulant status was the only predictor of thromboembolic events in multivariate Cox analysis: events occurred in 36/123 anticoagulated patients versus 19/37 non-anticoagulated patients, with HR 2.4 (95% CI 1.3–4.1; P < 0.003) for not taking oral anticoagulants; cumulative incidence was significantly higher in untreated patients (P = 0.002).
- Major bleeding was low: 8 major bleeding events, 7 in patients on oral anticoagulants (0.8% patient/years); there were 10 deaths (0.8% patients/years; 7 cardiovascular, 3 non-cardiovascular).
- Recurrence did not depend on the qualifying event: 10-year cumulative incidence was 45% for venous, 47% for arterial, and 37% for pregnancy morbidity as the qualifying event (P = ns).
Methods
- Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from Italian Thrombosis Centers, including 160 patients with definite APS and triple positivity for LA, aCL, and anti-β2GPI antibodies, confirmed in a central reference laboratory; inclusion required LA and anti-β2GPI positivity and aCL > 40 GPL and/or > 40 MPL units.
- Observation period from earliest diagnosis (March 1989) to March 2009; outcomes included objectively diagnosed thromboembolic events, major bleeding, and death.
- Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events; log-rank tests compared groups; Cox regression identified predictors of the primary endpoint.
Limitations
- The paper does not include a formal limitations section; evident limitations include the observational, non-randomized treatment comparison (123 patients received long-term oral anticoagulants versus 37 who did not), so treatment effects may be confounded.
- The cohort was selected from Thrombosis Centers and restricted to triple-positive APS patients with aCL > 40 units, limiting generalizability to other APS laboratory profiles or lower-risk populations.
- Follow-up attrition was substantial: only 23 patients (14.4%) completed 10 years; pregnancy morbidity was uncommon (11 cases), and the reported percentage differs between the abstract (9.7%) and Results/Table 1 (6.9%).
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Claims the paper makes
24 Own result · 11 No full text of the sources · 6 Own interpretation · 4 Own method · 3 Sources not found · 1 Supported so far · 1 Partly supported · 1 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“This selected cohort of patients differed from the large cohort described by Cervera et al. [25,26] in several aspects.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] source
- Supportedcites [26] source
The Patient selection section describes a multicentre cohort of 1,000 unselected patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. The citation identifies the large Cervera et al. cohort used for comparison; the assertion that the citing authors’ cohort differs is their own comparison. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“As there is currently no evidence to support the superiority of oral anticoagulant therapy over antiplatelet therapy [15], antiplatelet drugs are generally recommended after an episode of stroke.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [15] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The COMMENT section reports that warfarin was not associated with fewer thrombo-occlusive events than aspirin in the studied stroke cohort. That supports the comparison, but the citing sentence generalizes it to all oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet therapies; the paper does not establish that broader claim. No page number is available in the supplied copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Less than half of the patients reported by Cervera et al. were LA positive.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] source
- Could not verifycites [26] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Laboratory studies section says LA activity was tested but gives no positivity rate. The General characteristics section says the cohort’s immunological findings were reported elsewhere. Searches for LA prevalence and a percentage below 50% found no figure in our copy (page numbers unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.75)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The remaining four patients (2.5%) suffered from catastrophic APS.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Abstract
plainn = 4- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Major bleeding associated with oral anticoagulant therapy was low (0.8% patient/years).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Our data come close to the data from Cervera et al., if we only considered primary APS patients (female/male ratio drops to 3.5:1) [25].”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Our findings do not confirm the findings of previous studies [23,27] that have suggested that the recurrence of an event is more likely to occur in the same vascular district (i.e.venous or arterial).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The qualifying event at diagnosis was VTE in 76 cases (47.5%), arterial thromboembolism in 69 cases (43.1%) and pregnancy morbidity in 11 cases (6.9%).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Results
plainn = 69- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The qualifying event at diagnosis did not predict the type of recurrence (arterial or venous).”
- Also stated in: § Thromboembolic events during the followup period · plain
“The incidence of events during follow-up was independent of the clinical manifestations at diagnosis.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
plainn = 160- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Thromboembolic events during the followup period · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events in the follow-up period was 12.2% (95%CI, 9.6-14.8)after 1 year, 26.1% (95%CI, 22.3-29.9)after 5 years and 44.2% (95%CI, 38.6-49.8)after 10 years.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- The quote only partly states this claim. 3
- It may state two separate claims as one. 17
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One hundred and sixty patients were enrolled in this cohort study.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Thus, 160 patients with three positive APS tests were enrolled in this cohort study.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Abstract
plainn = 160- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Results · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ten patients died (seven were cardiovascular deaths).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Abstract
plainn = 10- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The qualifying event at diagnosis was VTE in 76 cases (47.5%), arterial thromboembolism in 69 cases (43.1%) and pregnancy morbidity in 11 cases (6.9%).”
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
“The qualifying events at diagnosis were venous thromboembolism (76 cases; 47.5%), arterial thromboembolism (69 cases; 43.1%) and pregnancy morbidity (11 cases; 9.7%).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Results
plainn = 11- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
In the paper
“We had more male patients (29% vs. 18%) and primary APS cases (62% vs. 53%).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“The number of enrolled patients with obstetric complications alone was low (9.7%), highlighting that the majority of female patients with triple positivity in laboratory tests suffer from thromboembolic events [22].”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were eight major bleeding events -seven in patients on oral anticoagulants (0.8% patient/years) -and 10 deaths during follow-up (0.8% patients/years; seven were cardiovascular and three were non-cardiovascular deaths).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Major bleeding and death
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As shown in Fig. 2, the cumulative incidence of events after 10 years was 45%, 47% and 37% for venous, arterial and pregnancy morbidity as a qualifying event, respectively (P = ns).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Thromboembolic events during the followup period
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Out of the 160 patients, 55 (34.4%) had a thromboembolic event during the follow-up period; 25 were VTE and 30 were arterial thromboembolism.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Thromboembolic events during the followup period
plainn = 160- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 189 patients considered for this study, 29 were excluded; 11 because the laboratory data were not confirmed in the reference laboratory and 18 for having both GPL and MPL aCL titers of < 40 units.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Results
plainn = 189- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Subsequent thromboembolism occurred in 36 (16 VTE and 20 ATE) out of 123 anticoagulated patients [median International normalized ratio (INR) at the time of event 2.3], and in 19 (9 VTE and 10 ATE) out of the 37 non-anticoagulated patients.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Thromboembolic events during the followup period
plainn = 123- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were eight major bleeding events -seven in patients on oral anticoagulants (0.8% patient/years) -and 10 deaths during follow-up (0.8% patients/years; seven were cardiovascular and three were non-cardiovascular deaths).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Major bleeding and death
plainn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Out of 160 patients, 123 received long-term oral anticoagulant treatment during the entire follow-up period, whereas 37 did not (13 did not take anticoagulants and 24 took aspirin alone).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Thromboembolic events during the followup period
plainn = 160- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One hundred and thirty-one (81.9%) patients completed the 1year follow-up, 76 (47.5%) completed 5 years and 23 (14.4%) completed 10 years of follow-up.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Thromboembolic events during the followup period
plainn = 160- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mean follow-up was 6.0 (± 4.6) years (range 0.3-20 years).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Thromboembolic events during the followup period
plainn = 160- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Many clinical studies on APS have included patients with different laboratory profiles, and consequently, the results may lack consistency [14][15][16][17].”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14][15][16][17]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As just one positive test is sufficient for APS diagnosis, there is a substantial risk of diagnosing APS in patients with either one false-positive test or with antibodies that recognize a target that is irrelevant to the syndrome.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Oral anticoagulants are recommended after a first episode of VTE [28] to prevent recurrence [29][30][31][32].”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [28] source
- Not matchedcites [29][30][31][32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To confirm triple positivity for aPL, and to validate the laboratory diagnosis, patient plasma from each center was also tested in a reference laboratory.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Study design and population
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, these tests are poorly standardized, which leads to low sensitivity [2][3][4].”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2][3][4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, data were confirmed in all patients and tests were repeated in recurrent cases or each year in the majority of patients.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both the type and site of any thromboembolic events at diagnosis were demonstrated objectively.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Data collection and clinical features at diagnosis
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Recurrence remains frequent despite the use of oral anticoagulants, which significantly reduces the risk of thromboembolism.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“In contrast, multiple positivity shows a marked association with thromboembolic events and severe pregnancy morbidity [8][9][10][11][12][13].”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [8][9][10][11][12][13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Oral anticoagulant therapy significantly reduces recurrent thromboembolism, although it might prove insufficient in some cases.”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior study has described the characteristics and clinical course of APS in high-risk patients positive for all three recommended aPL tests.
“To our knowledge, no study has reported the characteristics and clinical course of a homogenous group of APS patients that are positive in all three laboratory diagnostic tests.”
“The characteristics and the clinical course of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in high-risk patients that are positive for all three recommended tests that detect the presence of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies have not been described.”
The paper relies on this without support.
This is the first large-scale study to examine the clinical course of a homogeneous cohort of APS patients with full positive laboratory profile.
“To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale study looking at the clinical course of a homogenous cohort of APS patients with full positive laboratory profile.”
“which to our knowledge is the first to examine patients that are positive for APS as determined by three separate tests”
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The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Despite long-term anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists, patients with thrombotic PAPS remain at substantial risk of recurrent thrombotic events, with cumulative recurrence rates approaching 20% at 5 years in observational cohorts [2].”
From Hydroxychloroquine as an Adjunct Therapy for Secondary Thrombosis Prevention in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The incidence was significantly higher in patients not taking OAs (HR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3-4.1,P < 0.003) [11].”
From Antithrombotic effects of hydroxychloroquine in primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients (2013) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“aPL profiling also involves consideration of antibody titers since higher titers are associated with higher risk [7,8,30,31].”
From Triple-positive antiphospholipid syndrome does not guarantee positivity in each lupus anticoagulant assay (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Patients positive for the combination of LAC, antiβ 2GPI, and anti-CL antibodies,theso-called triple-positive patients, exhibit a high risk for developing a first thrombotic event and recurrence of thrombosis. 8,9”
From Clinical Relevance of Isolated Lupus Anticoagulant Positivity in Patients with Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“andpatientspositiveforallthree aPLs are identified as individuals at high risk for a first clinical event and for recurrence. 8,9”
From Clinical Relevance of Isolated Lupus Anticoagulant Positivity in Patients with Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“triple positivity (all 3 tests positive) is associated with thrombosis and identifies high-risk patients with aPL syndrome (APS).6,7”
From Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study (2011) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“At 1 year, the cumulative incidence of thromboembolic events was 12.2%, and at 10 years it was 44.2%, in a retrospective study in APS patients [11].”
From Antithrombotic effects of hydroxychloroquine in primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients (2013) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Of note is that many studies on triple positivity merely report patients as being positive for LA without assessing dRVVT and APTT results separately [10,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29], or even use only 1 assay [7,8,12].”
From Triple-positive antiphospholipid syndrome does not guarantee positivity in each lupus anticoagulant assay (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“The qualifying events at diagnosis were venous thromboembolism (76 cases; 47.5%), arterial thromboembolism (69 cases; 43.1%) and pregnancy morbidity (11 cases; 9.7%).”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Abstract
Reported 9.7 · recomputed 6.875
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Other | 34 (19.3) |”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
Reported 19.3 · recomputed 21.25
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics at diagnosis of 160 highrisk APS patients* | Characteristics | | | --- | --- | | Age years | 41.1 ± 15.0 | | Female -no. (%) | 113 (70.6) | | APS-related event at diagnosis -no. (%) | | | VTE | 76 (47.5) | | Arterial Thrombosis | 69 (43.1) | | Obstetric complications | 11 (6.9) | | Catastrophic APS | 4 (2.5) | | Autoimmune disorders -no.(%) | | | SLE | 33 (18.8) |”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
Reported 18.8 · recomputed 20.625
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Risk for arterial thrombosis -no. (%) | 87 (49.4) |”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
Reported 49.4 · recomputed 54.375
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Risk for venous thrombosisà -no. (%) | 71 (40.3) |”
§ Clinical course of high-risk patients diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome > Discussion
Reported 40.3 · recomputed 44.375
Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 629
Lupus Anticoagulant Testing: Dilute Prothrombin Time (dPT)
Moore, G. W. (2023) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3175-1_17 · Cited by 5
Moore, G. W., Platton, S., Yartey, N., Foxton, E., White, D., & MacDonald, S. G. (2024) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.14240 · Cited by 6
“3,4 A persistent triple positive profile in asymptomatic carriers is a risk factor for future thrombotic events.”
BackgroundAvčin, T., & O’Neil, K. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24145-8.00024-7 · Cited by 5
Montalvão, S. A. D. L., Elídio, P. S., Saraiva, S. D. S., Mazetto, B. D. M., Colella, M. P., Paula, E. V. D., Appenzeller, S., Annichino‐Bizzacchi, J. M., & Orsi, F. A. (2016) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2016.10.001 · Cited by 5
Plasma Antiphospholipid Antibodies Effects on Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Assays
Yao, K., Zhang, L., Zhou, H., Tang, N., & Li, D. (2017) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.031 · Cited by 5
“The presence of aPLs is a necessary laboratory criterion for antiphospholipid syndrome, and multiple aPL positivity implies a high risk of clinical conditions.(17,18) In addition, the interactions among different types of aPLs may promote”
BackgroundShould bleeding be a concern in antiphospholipid syndrome?
Orsi, F. A. (2024) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102328 · Cited by 4
“Of note, in a cohort of high-risk patients with APS, particularly those with triple aPL positivity, the major bleeding associated with oral anticoagulant therapy was low at 0.8% per patient-year [8].”
BackgroundInfluentialZhou, L., You, Y., Cai, S., Ye, C., & Dong, L. (2025) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-025-07411-1 · Cited by 4
“LAC positivity, particularly triple-aPL positivity (including aCL, anti-β2GPI and the LAC), and the presence of isolated, persistently positive aCL at moderate–high titers, were considered as a high risk for thrombosis [3,5].”
Comparison of different algorithms for lupus anticoagulant detection: a single-center experience
Apipongrat, D., Lamool, R., Arnutti, P., Ruangpratheep, C., & Chantkran, W. (2024) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102333 · Cited by 4
“In addition, the presence of LA is a well-known risk factor for clinical manifestations of APS patients[3 – 5].”
BackgroundUnresolved issues in the diagnosis and management of thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome
Arachchillage, D. J., & Laffan, M. (2025) · Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2025.102724 · Cited by 8
“Recurrent thrombosis, despite adequate anticoagulation, remains a signi fi cant challenge in thrombotic APS [4].”
Galli, M. (2011) · Hämostaseologie · doi:10.5482/ha-1165 · Cited by 4
“2% after 1, 5 and 10 years of follow-up, respectively (32).”
BackgroundLes, Í., Parraza, N., Anaut, P., Eguiluz, S., Sánchez, C., Preciado, M. E., Loza, J. Á., & Andía, A. (2017) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-017-3878-z · Cited by 4
“1%) were high risk by serological criteria, namely, single LA positivity, or double or triple aPL positivity [25, 26].”
BackgroundResultUrrego-Callejas, T., Hernández, A., Giraldo, S. R., Frade‐Sosa, B., Vanegas-García, A. L., Muñoz, C. H., Rúa, C., Botero, J. D., González, L. A., Vásquez, G. M., et al. (2022) · Reumatología Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.reuma.2022.07.003 · Cited by 4
Álvarez-López, S., Ariza-Gómez, M. F., López-Montoya, V., Bedoya, J. U. C., Méndez, D. P. G., & Jaimes, F. A. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.35114 · Cited by 4
“No factor was associated with such adverse outcome (44% at 10 years follow-up) [21].”
BackgroundSantos, G., João, A., & Sousa, L. (2014) · Journal of Dermatological Case Reports · doi:10.3315/jdcr.2014.1169 · Cited by 4
Bergstrom, C. P., Zia, A. N., Sarode, R., & Nagalla, S. (2020) · Transfusion and Apheresis Science · doi:10.1016/j.transci.2020.102815 · Cited by 4
Detection of anticardiolipin antibody IgG by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay
Ye, Y., Hu, Z., Liu, J., et al. (2012) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-012-2020-6 · Cited by 4
Gkrouzman, E., Peng, M., Davis‐Porada, J., et al. (2020) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.24508 · Cited by 7
“AA 152 AfC 136 H 163 aCL IgG ≥15u: 29 (19) 3 (2) 34 (21) aCL IgM ≥5u: 11 (7) 2 (2) 14 (9) aCL IgA ≥15u: 21 (16) 28 (21) 23 (14) aCL IgG ≥40u: 8 (5) 2 (2) 27 (17) aCL IgM ≥40u: 3 (2) 0 6 (4) aCL IgA ≥40u: 0 8 (6), 11 (7) 24/152 (16%) 9/90 (10%) 15/124 (12%) Mean aCL IgG levels were higher in H than AA (69 38 vs.”
BackgroundHoxha, A., Prete, D. D., Condonato, I., Martino, F. K., Lovisotto, M., Nalesso, F., & Simioni, P. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14103326 · Cited by 5
Köse, R., Vega, J., Burgos, C., & Erkan, D. (2025) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2025.152768 · Cited by 3
Karandyszowska, N., Faustini, F., Alagündüz, H., Widaeus, J., Carlens, F., Jensen, A.-L., Oksanen, A., Magnusson, M., Gunnarsson, I., Svenungsson, E., et al. (2025) · TH Open · doi:10.1055/a-2646-9016 · Cited by 3
Treatment failure of direct oral anticoagulants in anti-phospholipid syndrome
Johnsen, S., Lauvsnes, M. B., & Omdal, R. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/03009742.2017.1369156 · Cited by 3
“One patient was triple aPL positive, representing an increased thrombotic risk (3).”
BackgroundSaudi National Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Adult Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Al-Jedai, A. H., Almudaiheem, H., Al-Homood, I. A., AlMaghlouth, I. A., Bahlas, S. M., Alolaiwi, A. M., Fatani, M. I. A., Eshmawi, M. T., Al-Omari, B. A., Alenzi, K. A. O., et al. (2024) · Current Rheumatology Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115733971275638240429063041 · Cited by 3
Anastasiadi, A., Bott, C., Kitterer, D., et al. (2024) · Brain Circulation · doi:10.4103/bc.bc_67_23 · Cited by 3
“[8] About 10%–20% of stroke patients 50 years of age have APS, thus making screening for aPL Abs particularly important among patients with (recurrent) cryptogenic stroke in this age range.”
BackgroundZhou, Z., & Liu, Y. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17617 · Cited by 3
“According to existing literature, the mechanism is not only associated with thrombosis but also includes inflammation, complement pathways, platelet activation, etc ( Kelchtermans, Chayouâ & Laat, 2018 ; Pengo et al., 2010 ; Stojanovich et al., 2013 ).”
BackgroundBalbi, G. G. M., Gaspar, P., Cohen, H., Isenberg, D. A., Erkan, D., & ANDRADE, D. C. O. D. (2024) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152605 · Cited by 3
New definitions for antiphospholipid syndrome: ready for clinical use?
Song, A. B., & Leaf, R. K. (2024) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/hematology.2024000673 · Cited by 3
Santos, G. M., David, P., Hen, O., Ontiveros-Austria, J. L., Liran, R., Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, S., de Godói, J. C., Patt, Y. S., Beladev, S., Okazaki, E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.jtha.2025.06.010 · Cited by 3
Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An Important Differential Diagnosis for Culture-negative Endocarditis
Wang, L. W., Noël, B., Descloux, É., & Baron, D. W. (2014) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.11.010 · Cited by 3
“Patients who are positive for lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and anti-b2-glycoprotein I antibodies have a high rate of recurrent thrombosis despite anticoagulation.(6)”
BackgroundLiu, Z., Markham, M. J., & Mandernach, M. W. (2019) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-224636 · Cited by 3
You, H., Zhao, J., Huang, C. L., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.630660 · Cited by 3
“APS patients will develop recurrent thrombosis over a 10year follow-up period, even with the majority being prescribed anticoagulants (20).”
BackgroundChanges in hemostatic factors after kidney transplantation
Jun, K. W., Cho, J., Kim, M.-H., et al. (2021) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000027179 · Cited by 3
“LA is more strongly associated with increased thrombotic risk than aCL or anti-B2GP1 antibody, and a “triple positive” profile (all 3 APLAs) confers the highest risk.([15]) In one study, the prevalence of LA, IgG aCL, IgM aCL, andpolyvalent aCL ina healthypopulationwas3.”
BackgroundYamamoto, T., Matsushita, S., Endo, D., Shimada, A., Dohi, S., Kajimoto, K., Yokoyama, Y., Sato, Y. Z., Machida, Y., Asai, T., et al. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000032979 · Cited by 3
“[38] Fortunately, we did not have any triple-positive cases at our institution; however, some patients have been positive in the past active period.”
Urrego-Callejas, T., Hernández, A., Giraldo, S. R., Frade‐Sosa, B., Vanegas-García, A. L., Muñoz, C. H., Rúa, C., Botero, J. D., González, L. A., Vásquez, G. M., et al. (2023) · Reumatología Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.reumae.2023.01.001 · Cited by 4
A review on management of antiphospholipid syndrome in clinical practice
Siniscalchi, C., Rossetti, P., Carolla, G., Micco, P. D., Stella, A., & Riva, M. A. (2023) · Italian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.4081/itjm.2023.1649 · Cited by 3
Balbi, G. G. M., Signorelli, F., Gândara, A. P. R., Azam, I. F. B., de Barros, S., Marreiros, D., Genta, P. R., Lotufo, P. A., Benseñor, I. M., Drager, L. F., et al. (2023) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2023.109781 · Cited by 3
Reshetnyak, T. M., Cheldieva, F. A., Cherkasova, M. V., Glukhova, S. I., Lila, A. M., & Nasonov, E. L. (2023) · Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1134/s1607672923700278 · Cited by 3
“The determination of the listed aPLs is important not only for confirming the diagnosis of APS, but also for assessing the risk of recurrent throm-boses [7–9].”
BackgroundWei, X., Zhang, H., Chen, W., et al. (2024) · Thrombosis Journal · doi:10.1186/s12959-023-00570-8 · Cited by 3
“According to these studies, despite receiving anticoagulant medication, 44% of the individuals with triple positive antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) would experience recurrent thrombosis over a 10-year follow-up period [17].”
BackgroundViewpoint: Provoked thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome
Wahl, D. G., & Pengo, V. (2024) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kead675 · Cited by 3
Self-citationAntiphospholipid antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome
Hansen, R. S., Larsen, J. B., Vinholt, P. J., Voss, A., & Abildgaard, A. M. (2024) · Ugeskrift for Læger · doi:10.61409/v11230715 · Cited by 3
Sciascia, S., Radin, M., & Schreiber, K. I. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23947-2.00045-x · Cited by 3
Impact of the 2023 ACR/EULAR Antiphospholipid Syndrome Criteria on Retinal Vein Occlusion Patients
Sánchez, R. G., Salmón, Z., García, M. F., Cerveró, A., González-Mesones-Galán, B., López‐Hoyos, M., Martínez-Taboada, V. M., & Hernández, J. L. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14082826 · Cited by 3
Mattar, G. R. M. (2015) · Journal of Hematology & Thromboembolic Diseases · doi:10.4172/2329-8790.1000208 · Cited by 3
“Therefore, VKA management in APS patients is frequently cumbersome, requires close INR monitoring and may affect patient’s quality of life [12].”
BackgroundDefinition and Epidemiology of Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Ünlü, O., Domingues, V., de Jesús, G. R., Zuily, S., Espinosa, G., Cervera, R., Levy, R. A., Wahl, D. G., Erkan, D., & Lockshin, M. D. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55442-6_7 · Cited by 4
Choi, M. Y., Butler, E., Clarke, A. E., Girard, L., Gibson, P., & Skeith, L. (2019) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1080/1744666x.2019.1699057 · Cited by 3
“Double or triple aPL positivity (aCL, aβ2GP1, and LAC positivity) confers a higher risk of first-time thrombosis over time, which may be as high as 5% per year or 37% at 10 years [49,50].”
BackgroundNew Methods for Detecting Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Tkachenko, O. Y., St. Petersburg, R. F., Lapin, S. V., Маzing, A. V., Blinova, T. V., Butina, S. E., & Emanuel, V. L. (2019) · Doctor Ru · doi:10.31550/1727-2378-2019-165-10-57-62 · Cited by 3
“показали, что одновременное обнаружение нескольких АФА позволяет точнее определить риск развития тромбоэмболии или выкидыша [14].”
Antiphospholipid antibody testing - slow progress?
Hughes, G. R. V., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2012) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02887.x · Cited by 3
Prevalence of Annexin A5 Resistance in Children and Adolescents with Rheumatic Diseases
Wahezi, D. M., Ilowite, N. T., Rajpathak, S. N., & Rand, J. H. (2011) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.110768 · Cited by 3
“Studies have shown that patients with triple positivity of LAC, anti-ß 2 GPI, and aCL demonstrate substantially increased risk of thrombosis, pregnancy-related morbidity, and higher recurrence rates of clinical manifestations despite the use of oral anticoagulant therapy 15,16 .”
BackgroundThromboembolism risk following recurrent miscarriage
Martínez‐Zamora, M. Á., Cervera, R., & Balasch, J. (2013) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1586/14779072.2013.839201 · Cited by 3
Rand, J. H., & Wolgast, L. R. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2296-9.00020-8 · Cited by 3
Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use in Atypical Thrombosis-Related Conditions
Chang, C., Hoyos, M., Owusu, Y., & Elewa, H. F. (2017) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1177/1060028017731850 · Cited by 3
Chen, Y., Yang, H., Liu, L.-X., Chen, C.-H., Qin, H., Hong, X., Zhao, J., & Liu, D. (2020) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-020-05489-3 · Cited by 3
“2% after 1, 5, and 10 years of follow-up, respectively [11].”
BackgroundPurohit, A. H. L., & Kumar, M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7713-6_20 · Cited by 3
Antiphospholipid Syndrome and the Kidney
Taghavi, M., Jacobs, L., Roccatello, D., & Sciascia, S. (2025) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2025.09.010 · Cited by 3
“115-118 Similarly, renal vein thrombosis seems to be rare in APS, mostly reported in case reports and case series.”
Tan, Y., Doyle, A. J., Kumar, J., Somerville, P., Faruqi, U., Danaee, A., Luo, P., Hunt, B. J., & Breen, K. A. (2025) · eJHaem · doi:10.1002/jha2.1065 · Cited by 3
Hoovels, L. V., Piantoni, S., Bailleul, E., Schouwers, S., Radin, M., Infantino, M., Garrafa, E. M., Massa, B., Blomme, S., den Bremt, S. V., et al. (2025) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1016/j.jtha.2025.05.008 · Cited by 2
Hoxha, A., Gobbo, G. F. D., Gavasso, S., Montagna, A., Sartorello, F., Tonello, M., Zerbinati, P., Ramonda, R., & Simioni, P. (2026) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2025-1565 · Cited by 3
“Although triple positivity is traditionally regarded as the strongest laboratory predictor of adverse outcomes [23, 24], our multivariable model showed that triple positivity alone did not independently predict damage once aPS/PT was included.”
Pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome revisited: time to challenge the dogma: comment
Pengo, V. (2016) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.13510 · Cited by 2
“All these observation are supported by clinical studies [10-12] and animal models in which”
ResultSelf-citationKopydłowska, A., Wojtasińska, E., Kurosz, J., Zawilska, K., & Gil, L. (2021) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v9i3.2359 · Cited by 1
“40MPL or ACA-IgG > 40GPL and anti-2GPI > 99 percentile) 39,42,52 ((38,42,52)).”
BackgroundSciascia, S., Foddai, S. G., Alessandri, C., Alunno, A., Andréoli, L., Barinotti, A., Calligaro, A., Canti, V., Carubbi, F., Cecchi, I., et al. (2022) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/a-1798-2400 · Cited by 2
Direct-acting oral anticoagulants in antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review
Girón-Ortega, J. A., & González, J. A. G. (2023) · Medicina Clínica (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2023.03.017 · Cited by 2
Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Thrombotic and Vascular Complications
Windisch, S., Ash, J. Y., & Frishman, W. H. (2023) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000590 · Cited by 4
“10 As a result of this, antiphospholipid antibodies are considered pathogenic as they play an important role in thrombosis, and they are not just a serological marker of APS.”
Zabeida, A., Bosch, A., Uleryk, E. M., & Avila, L. (2024) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2024.109116 · Cited by 2
Thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome: Recurrent thromboses
Reshetnyak, T. M., Cheldieva, F. A., Glukhova, S. I., Nurbaeva, K. S., Seredavkina, N. V., Cherkasova, M. V., Lila, A. M., & Nasonov, E. L. (2024) · Rheumatology Science and Practice · doi:10.47360/1995-4484-2024-408-417 · Cited by 2
Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Recurrent Thromboses
Reshetnyak, T. M., Cheldieva, F. A., Glukhova, S. I., Nurbaeva, K. S., Seredavkina, N. V., Cherkasova, M. V., Lila, A. M., & Nasonov, E. L. (2025) · Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1134/s1607672925700152 · Cited by 2
“The need for such stratification is due to evidence that patients with a single type of aPL are at a lower risk of thrombosis compared to those with double and/or triple positivity [30].”
Nielsen, J. D., Hermann, T. S., Dimopoulos, K., & Nørskov, A. S. (2025) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2025.109361 · Cited by 4
An update on current management strategies for antiphospholipid syndrome‑related thrombosis
Rossi, A., Colorio, C. C., Puente, D., & Forastiero, R. R. (2014) · Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.2217/clp.13.85 · Cited by 3
Martinez, A. P., & Cunningham, M. T. (2016) · Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis · doi:10.1097/mbc.0000000000000550 · Cited by 2
Neurologic Manifestations of Hematologic Disorders
Sussman, J. D., & Davies-Jones, G. A. B. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407710-2.00025-4 · Cited by 3
Uso de inhibidores directos del factor Xa en síndrome antifosfolípido: una serie de 7 casos
Correa, R. C. R., Franco, C. J. V., Muñoz‐Grajales, C., et al. (2017) · Revista Colombiana de Reumatología · doi:10.1016/j.rcreu.2017.07.004 · Cited by 2
Syndrome des antiphospholipides
Costedoat-Chalumeau, N., Géri, G., & Pietté, J. C. (2013) · Références en médecine d'urgence · doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0350-0_15 · Cited by 2
Acute Systemic Lupus Erythematous and Antiphospholipid Syndrome With Cardiac Complications
Motwani, M., Luckie, M., & Parker, B. (2019) · JACC Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jaccas.2019.05.034 · Cited by 2
“She was additionally found to have a triple-positive antiphospholipid (aPL) antibody profile (positive for lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, and beta2-glycoprotein antibodies) indicating a particularly high risk for thrombosis and neuropsychiatric manifestations (1,2).”
BackgroundWahl, U., & Hirsch, T. (2020) · Journal of Vascular Surgery Venous and Lymphatic Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.03.008 · Cited by 2
Cheldieva, F. A., Reshetnyak, T. M., Cherkasova, M. V., Glukhova, S. I., Lila, A. M., & Nasonov, E. L. (2022) · Rheumatology Science and Practice · doi:10.47360/1995-4484-2022-353-359 · Cited by 2
Is there still room for warfarin after the appearance of direct oral anticoagulants?
Панченко, Е. П. (2023) · Aterotromboz = Atherothrombosis · doi:10.21518/2307-1109-2022-12-2-32-42 · Cited by 2
Ames, P. R. J., Merashli, M., Bucci, T., Iannaccone, L., Marottoli, V., & Ciampa, A. (2020) · International Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s12185-020-03009-2 · Cited by 2
Heras, C. B., Gómez, A. P., Hajkhan, A. M., et al. (2021) · Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado · doi:10.1016/j.med.2021.04.003 · Cited by 2
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a platelet factor 4 (PF4)-centric immunothrombotic disorderPreprint
Field, C. O., Sarkar, A., Bdeir, K., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.11.07.687095 · Cited by 2
“The risk of thrombosis in APS is greatest in “triple-positive” patients 6,7 . β 2GPI is a five-domain protein comprised of four similar complement control protein-like domains and a distinct domain V containing a large lysine-rich loop thought to be involved in binding to phospholipids 8 .”
When Is It Preferable to Use Warfarin?
Bendapudi, P. K. (2022) · NEJM Evidence · doi:10.1056/evidccon2100011 · Cited by 1
Clinical recommendations on diagnostics and treatment of lupus nephritis (draft project)
Zakharova, E., Kozlovskaya, N. L., Korotchaeva, Y. V., Bobkova, I. N., Dobronravov, V., & Karunnaya, A. V. (2024) · Nephrology and Dialysis · doi:10.28996/2618-9801-2024-2suppl-70-113 · Cited by 1
Lai, E. E. N., Lim, C. X., Lau, J. P. J., Chee, Y. L., Chan, S. S. W., Teo, W. Z. Y., Yap, E. S., & Lee, S. Y. (2025) · Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis · doi:10.1177/10760296251325527 · Cited by 1
“1,51 Furthermore, Iwaniec et al found that the ability to identify triple aPL positive patients was similar irrespective of the solid phase assay platform used, and that APS diagnosis was concordant when the full aPL pro fi le, instead of individual antibodies was assessed.”
Varju, L., Bagoly, Z., Ajzner, É., Orbán-Kálmándi, R., Kádár, A. Z., Nevelős, J., & Ilonczai, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1591029 · Cited by 3
“The risk of recurrent TE is the highest in the triple-positive group of APS patients (8, 9).”
Signorelli, F., Balbi, G. G. M., Bastos, V. P., Carvalho, T. R. A. D. F., Klumb, E. M., & Levy, R. A. (2025) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2025.152873 · Cited by 1
Pulmonary Embolism in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)—Where Are We and Where Are We Going?
Lucki, M., Grygiel‐Górniak, B., Lucka, E., Lesiak, M., & Araszkiewicz, A. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27020895 · Cited by 1
“The binding of these antibodies to β 2GPI expressed on endothelial cells and platelets induces a procoagulant phenotype through increased tissue factor expression, impairment of protein C-dependent anticoagulant pathways, and suppression of fibrinolysis [10].”
Androulakis, N. E. M., Striligka, O., Nioti, E., Dilintas, A., Darivianaki, A., Papadopoulou, A., Nistikaki, F., Iatridi, T., Kampa, M., & Kalpadakis, C. H. (2026) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/ijlh.70075 · Cited by 1
Comprehensive Review of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Over Four Decades of Advances and Challenges
Koike, T. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15040356 · Cited by 2
“Their prevalence is higher in “triple-positive” patients (LA, aCL, anti-β 2GPI), and DI positivity can refine risk stratification beyond conventional aPL assays [37,52].”
Sun, Y., Wang, X., Wang, Y., An, P., Guo, D., & Xing, Q. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1806712 · Cited by 1
“These autoantibodies, particularly triple aPL positivity, persistently positive moderate-to-high titers of aCL, and LAC positivity, are linked to an increased risk of thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity (25).”
The role of different aPL subpopulations in the lupus anticoagulant phenomenon
Arachchillage, D. J., Efthymiou, M., & Cohen, H. (2026) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2026.102784 · Cited by 1
Tohidi‐Esfahani, I., Venturelli, V., Tektonidou, M. G., et al. (2026) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keag304 · Cited by 1
Self-citationDiagnostic indicators and biomarkers of static blood-related disorders: a comprehensive review
Kang, Y., & Kim, K. (2026) · Molecular & Cellular Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s13273-026-00636-4 · Cited by 1
Antiphospholipid Antibodies In Patients With Venous Thrombosis At Kenyatta National Hospital
Cs, G. E. (2013) · African journal of rheumatology · Cited by 1
Current treatment strategies for management of antiphospholipid syndrome
Reggia, R., Andréoli, L., Tincani, A., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs · doi:10.1517/21678707.2014.881734 · Cited by 1
“The estimated percentage of recurrence is about 17% after 5 years [15] and it rises up to 44% after 10 years [16] in patients with a high-risk profile (triple positivity).”
BackgroundAryurachai, K., Angchaisuksiri, P., & Siriputtanapong, K. (2014) · Journal of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (วารสารโลหิตวิทยาและเวชศาสตร์บริการโลหิต) · Cited by 1
The “antiphospholipid triangle” in an asymptomatic patient: a case report
Tufano, A., Guida, A., Cerbone, A. M., et al. (2010) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-010-0441-2 · Cited by 1
“The pathogenic potential of aPL can be more easily displayed in the presence of hormonal treatment, thrombophilia, smoking, hypertension, factors that trigger vascular events in aPL-positive patient [ 1 ].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPrimary Prophylaxis in Patients With Positive Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Cuadrado, M. J. (2016) · Technical report · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63655-3.00015-6 · Cited by 1
Task Force Report on the Management of Thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., Pengo, V., Tektonidou, M. G., Ruiz‐Arruza, I., Cuadrado, M. J., & Khamashta, M. A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3194-7_11 · Cited by 1
Self-citationUse of factor Xa inhibitors in antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome: A series of seven cases
Correa, R. C. R., Franco, C. J. V., Muñoz‐Grajales, C., et al. (2018) · Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rcreue.2017.07.004 · Cited by 1
Dufrost, V., Wahl, D. G., & Zuily, S. (2019) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14422 · Cited by 1
Lee, K. W., & Sule, A. A. (2019) · International Journal of Angiology · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1693996 · Cited by 1
An Approach to Retiform Purpura for the Inpatient Dermatologist
Alsarheed, A., Cobos, G. A., Cornejo, C. M., et al. (2019) · Current Dermatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s13671-019-00281-2 · Cited by 1
Anticoagulation in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Ragab, G., Hegazy, M. T., Codullo, V., et al. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25782-8_7 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- PENGO, V., RUFFATTI, A., LEGNANI, C., GRESELE, P., BARCELLONA, D., ERBA, N., TESTA, S., MARONGIU, F., BISON, E., DENAS, G., BANZATO, A., PADAYATTIL JOSE, S., & ILICETO, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- University of Perugia (IT)
- University of Cagliari (IT)
- Corresponding author
- PENGO, V.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 237-242
- ISSN
- 1538-7836 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2119266650
- Cited by
- 632
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 12.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Blood Coagulation and Thrombosis Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- antiphospholipid syndrome, triple positivity, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies, venous thromboembolism, arterial thromboembolism, pregnancy morbidity, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome, oral anticoagulation, thromboembolic recurrence, major bleeding, cardiovascular mortality
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Aged, Anticoagulants, Catastrophic Illness, Female, Hemorrhage, Humans, Italy, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Recurrence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, Treatment Outcome, Antibodies, Antiphospholipid, Antibodies, Anticardiolipin, Disease Progression, Risk Assessment, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, beta 2-Glycoprotein I, Venous Thromboembolism
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