The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How Does Anxiety Affect Second Language Learning? A Reply to Sparks and Ganschow
Open accessAbstract
The linguistic coding deficit hypothesis, introduced by Sparks and Ganschow (1991, 1993a, 1993b), postulates that language aptitude is the primary source of individual differences in language achievement. This may be seen to reduce affective variables, such as language anxiety, to the role of unfortunate side effects, devoid of explanatory power. This paper advocates that language anxiety can play a significant causal role in creating individual differences in both language learning and communication. It reviews evidence from investigations of anxiety in general and studies of the role of anxiety in the language learning processes and concludes that the linguistic coding deficit hypothesis makes a significant omission by assigning mere epiphenomenal status to affective variables in general and language anxiety in particular.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety
HORWITZ, E. K., HORWITZ, M. B., & COPE, J. (1986) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1986.tb05256.x · Cited by 5,697
The Subtle Effects of Language Anxiety on Cognitive Processing in the Second Language
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb01103.x · Cited by 1,823
Self-citationAIDA, Y. (1994) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1994.tb02026.x · Cited by 1,109
Creating a low-anxiety classroom environment: What does language anxiety research suggest?
YOUNG, D. J. (1991) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1991.tb05378.x · Cited by 1,041
Anxiety and Second‐Language Learning: Toward a Theoretical Clarification*
MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1989) · Language Learning · doi:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1989.tb00423.x · Cited by 930
Self-citation
Cited by
Language anxiety and achievement
Horwitz, E. (2001) · Annual Review of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1017/s0267190501000071 · Cited by 1,573
Listening Comprehension and Anxiety in the Arabic Language Classroom
ELKHAFAIFI, H. (2005) · The Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2005.00275.x · Cited by 646
Botes, E., Dewaele, J.-M., & Greiff, S. (2020) · Journal for the Psychology of Language Learning · doi:10.52598/jpll/2/1/3 · Cited by 333
Affect: The Role of Language Anxiety and Other Emotions in Language Learning
MacIntyre, P., & Gregersen, T. (2012) · Psychology for Language Learning · doi:10.1057/9781137032829_8 · Cited by 282
Self-citationEl Shazly, R. (2021) · Expert Systems · doi:10.1111/exsy.12667 · Cited by 259
Metadata
- Authors
- MACINTYRE, P. D.
- Venue
- The Modern Language Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 90-99
- ISSN
- 0026-7902 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-4781
- OpenAlex
- W1990008549
- Cited by
- 536
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 43.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: How Does Anxiety Affect Second Language Learning? A Reply to Sparks and Ganschow. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1995.tb05418.x
- The paper
- MACINTYRE, P. D. (1995). How Does Anxiety Affect Second Language Learning? A Reply to Sparks and Ganschow. The Modern Language Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.1995.tb05418.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
