Returns from Investing in Equity Mutual Funds 1971 to 1991
Abstract
Several recent studies suggest that equity mutual fund managers achieve superior returns and that considerable persistence in performance exists. This study utilizes a unique data set including returns from all equity mutual funds existing each year. These data enable us more precisely to examine performance and the extent of survivorship bias. In the aggregate, funds have underperformed benchmark portfolios both after management expenses and even gross of expenses. Survivorship bias appears to be more important than other studies have estimated. Moreover, while considerable performance persistence existed during the 1970s, there was no consistency in fund returns during the 1980s.
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The average mutual fund underperforms a simple market index.
“the average mutual fund underperforms a simple market index (Jensen (1969) and Malkiel (1995)).”
From Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors (2000) · cites this paper as Malkiel (1995)
Cites
Efficient capital markets: A review of theory and empirical work
Fama, E. F. (1970) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.2307/2325486 · Cited by 13,635 · see citing works
FAMA, E. F. (1991) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1991.tb04636.x · Cited by 5,350 · see citing works
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On Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance
Carhart, M. M. (1997) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb03808.x · Cited by 17,283 · see citing works
Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors
Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2000) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/0022-1082.00226 · Cited by 3,955 · see citing works
Odean, T. (1999) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.89.5.1279 · Cited by 2,247 · see citing works
The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics
Malkiel, B. G. (2003) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/089533003321164958 · Cited by 2,161 · see citing works
Self-citationMutual Fund Flows and Performance in Rational Markets
Berk, J. B., & Green, R. C. (2004) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/424739 · Cited by 2,083 · see citing works
Does Fund Size Erode Mutual Fund Performance? The Role of Liquidity and Organization
Chen, J., Hong, H., Huang, M., & Kubik, J. D. (2004) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/0002828043052277 · Cited by 1,430 · see citing works
Why mutual funds “underperform.”
Glode, V. (2011) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2010.10.008 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Mutual fund performance and flows during the COVID-19 crisis
Pástor, Ľ., & Vorsatz, M. B. (2020) · The Review of Asset Pricing Studies · doi:10.1093/rapstu/raaa015 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Passive investment strategies and efficient markets
Malkiel, B. G. (2003) · European Financial Management · doi:10.1111/1468-036x.00205 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- MALKIEL, B. G.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- MALKIEL, BURTON G.
- ORCID
- MALKIEL, BURTON G.
- Venue
- The Journal of Finance
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-06
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 549-572
- ISSN
- 0022-1082 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-6261
- OpenAlex
- W2169786125
- Cited by
- 1,745
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 62 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 83 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 101
- FWCI
- 49.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Finance (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Financial Markets and Investment Strategies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Corporate Finance and Governance
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance
- Keywords
- equity funds, fund performance, survivorship bias, performance persistence, fund returns, benchmark portfolio, management costs, mutual fund fees
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