The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: implications for management of resources.
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The expansion of tourism in Galapagos is still in the 'development' phase of Butler's destination life-cycle, not yet approaching the 'stagnation' phase.
“As showed in Figure 2, the expansion of tourism in Galapagos is still in the "development" phase, not yet approaching the "stagnation" phase.”
From Modelling Tourism in the Galapagos Islands: An Agent-Based Model Approach (2014) · cites this paper as Butler (1980)
Tourist carrying capacity is neither fixed nor static, and cannot be reduced to a simple numerical relationship, as it is influenced by various dynamic factors.
“The tourist carrying capacity (TCC) is neither fixed nor static, and it cannot be reduced to a simple numerical relationship, as it is influenced by various dynamic factors, such as technological advancement, social preferences, production and consumption patterns, and the complex interaction between the physical and biotic environments [27].”
From Agent-Based Model Applied for the Study of Overtourism in an Urban Context (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
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Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management
Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.011 · Cited by 3,267 · see citing works
Is Overtourism Overused? Understanding the Impact of Tourism in a City Context
Koens, K., Postma, A., & Papp, B. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10124384 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
Lin, Z., Chen, Y., & Filieri, R. (2017) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2017.02.013 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Modelling Tourism in the Galapagos Islands: An Agent-Based Model Approach
Pizzitutti, F., Mena, C. F., & Walsh, S. J. (2014) · Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation · doi:10.18564/jasss.2389 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“The Galapagos Tourism Market: Uncontrolled, Explosive Expansion 2.2 Following Butler (1980), the representation of the life-cycle of a touristic destination can be based on a S shaped curve describing six stages that the destination would go through as tourism develops: exploration, involvement, development showing an…”
InfluentialCreating Ecotourism in Costa Rica, 1970–2000
JONES, G., & SPADAFORA, A. (2017) · Enterprise & Society · doi:10.1017/eso.2016.50 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Agent-Based Model Applied for the Study of Overtourism in an Urban Context
Moreno, J., Parada, J., & Peña-Miranda, D. D. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17073248 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- BUTLER, R. W.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- BUTLER, R.W.
- Venue
- Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1980-03
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-12
- ISSN
- 0008-3658 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0064
- OpenAlex
- W2050142017
- Cited by
- 4,554
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 200 · 2025: 203 · 2024: 207 · 2023: 205 · 2022: 206 · 2021: 290 · 2020: 255 · 2019: 219 · 2018: 216 · 2017: 166 · 2016: 191 · 2015: 199 · 2014: 213 · 2013: 190 · 2012: 175
- FWCI
- 19.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Urbanism, Landscape, and Tourism Studies
- Social Sciences › Demography › Migration, Aging, and Tourism Studies
- Keywords
- tourism resource management, tourism planning, destination management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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