The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Do Immigrants Cause Crime?
Abstract
We examine the empirical relationship between immigration and crime across Italian provinces during the period 1990-2003. Drawing on police administrative records, we first document that the size of the immigrant population is positively correlated with the incidence of property crimes and with the overall crime rate. Then, we use instrumental variables based on immigration toward destination countries other than Italy to identify the causal impact of exogenous changes in Italy’s immigrant population. According to these estimates, immigration increases only the incidence of robberies, while leaving unaffected all other types of crime. Since robberies represent a very minor fraction of all criminal offenses, the effect on the overall crime rate is not significantly different from zero.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach
Becker, G. S. (1968) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/259394 · Cited by 13,999
Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models
Anselin, L. (1988) · Studies in Operational Regional Science · doi:10.1007/978-94-015-7799-1 · Cited by 9,274
Testing for Weak Instruments in Linear IV Regression
Stock, J. H., & Yogo, M. (2005) · Identification and Inference for Econometric Models · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511614491.006 · Cited by 7,211
Instrumental Variables Regression with Weak Instruments
Staiger, D., & Stock, J. H. (1997) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/2171753 · Cited by 7,081
Instrumental Variables Regression with Weak Instruments
Staiger, D., & Stock, J. (1994) · doi:10.3386/t0151 · Cited by 5,302 · cited 2×
“…equal to 13.14 (see the bottom panel of Table 4), which is above the value of 10 indicated by the literature on weak instruments (see, in particular Staiger and Stock, 1997; Stock et al., 2002).10 Turning to asymptotic efficiency, it is well known that the precision of IV estimates increases with…”
BackgroundInfluentialA Survey of Weak Instruments and Weak Identification in Generalized Method of Moments
Stock, J. H., Wright, J. H., & Yogo, M. (2002) · Journal of Business & Economic Statistics · doi:10.1198/073500102288618658 · Cited by 4,274
Bound, J., Jaeger, D. A., & Baker, R. M. (1995) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1995.10476536 · Cited by 3,618
Harrison, A., Robinson, C., Ashenfelter, O., & Layard, R. (1989) · The Canadian Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/135687 · Cited by 3,153
Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects
Angrist, J., & Imbens, G. (1995) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/t0118 · Cited by 2,808
Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation
Ehrlich, I. (1973) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260058 · Cited by 2,492
Metadata
- Authors
- Bianchi, M., Buonanno, P., & Pinotti, P.
- Venue
- Journal of the European Economic Association
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-12-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1318-1347
- ISSN
- 1542-4766
- 1542-4774
- OpenAlex
- W3123149753
- Cited by
- 420
- References
- 61
- FWCI
- 135.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Do Immigrants Cause Crime? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1542-4774.2012.01085.x
- The paper
- Bianchi, M., Buonanno, P., & Pinotti, P. (2012). Do Immigrants Cause Crime? Journal of the European Economic Association. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-4774.2012.01085.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
