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Gender Differences in Competition
Open accessAbstract
Negotiating in a highly competitive environment may prove particularly challenging for women. We describe three experimental studies that investigated and documented differences in the competitive behaviors of men and women. The first study examined gender differences in competitive performances. In a setting in which men and women performed at similar levels in single-sex competitions, men were found to outperform women in mixed-sex competitions. The second study focused on the decision of men and women to enter a competition. In a mixed-sex setting in which we found no gender differences in performance, many more men than women chose a compensation scheme in which they had to compete against others. Finally, we report the results of a recent study that examined an institutional intervention that may encourage more women to compete. Specifically, we found that a quota-like affirmative action environment in which women must be equally represented encourages many more women to compete. This response was greater than one would predict based solely on the increase in one's chances of winning and can be partially explained by the fact that the affirmative action competition was more gender specific.
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“Competitive environments that are associated with negative stereotypes implying women may not be able to Managing to clear the air 12”
From Managing to clear the air: Stereotype threat, women, and leadership (2016) · cites this paper as Niederle & Vesterlund, 2008
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Metadata
- Authors
- Niederle, M., & Vesterlund, L.
- Affiliations
- National Bureau of Economic Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Niederle, Muriel
- Vesterlund, Lise
- ORCID
- Niederle, Muriel
- Venue
- Negotiation Journal
- Publisher
- MIT Press
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 447-463
- ISSN
- 0748-4526 (ISSN-L)
- 1571-9979
- OpenAlex
- W2076269294
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 13.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Negotiation Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Conflict Management and Negotiation
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Diversity and Inequality
- Keywords
- gender differences, competition, competitive performance, compensation systems, affirmative action, gender quotas, institutional intervention
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