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Risk factors for age‐related maculopathy in a 14‐year follow‐up study: the Copenhagen City Eye Study
Abstract
Abstract.: Purpose: To examine the association between potential risk factors and the 14‐year incidence of age‐related maculopathy (ARM). Design: Population‐based cohort study. Participants: At baseline, 946 volunteers participated in the study during 1986−88. These subjects were between 60 and 80 years of age and lived in the Østerbro district of Copenhagen. Excluding participants who had died since baseline, 359 subjects (97.3% of survivors) were re‐examined 14 years later, during 2000−2002. A total of 31.8% (301/946) of the original material was included in the risk factor analyses. Methods: Participants underwent an ophthalmological examination at Rigshos‐pitalet, the National University Hospital of Copenhagen. Similar standardized protocols for physical examination were used at the baseline and follow‐up examinations. Age‐related maculopathy lesions were determined by the same grader grading colour fundus photographs from both examinations using a modification of the Wisconsin Age‐related Maculopathy Grading System protocol. Results: Of the 359 participants, 94 had incident early ARM and 52 had incident late ARM at follow‐up in either eye. In logistic regression, the risk factors for early ARM or worse were as follows: cataract (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–6.2); family history of ARM (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.3–15.5), and alcohol consumption > 250 g/week (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.1–19.2). High levels of apolipoprotein B (> 100 mg/l) decreased the risk of development of early ARM or worse (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8), while high levels of apolipoprotein A1 (≥ 150 mg/l) increased the risk of late ARM (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2–5.3). Advanced age at baseline was also associated with the incidence of late ARM (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–2.9). Conclusions: These findings indicate a direct correlation between age, cataract, family history, alcohol consumption, the apolipoproteins A1 and B and the 14‐year incidence of ARM.
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“In total, data from 18 prospective, cross-sectional studies and 8 case control studies [12,24-26,28,30,31,33-47,49-54,57-73] were included in the final analysis, contributing a sample of some 94,058 patients (ranging from 261 to 22,071) including 3,178 (ranging from 8 to 776) late AMD cases.”
From Clinical risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2010) · cites this paper as [33]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Buch, H., Vinding, T., La Cour, M., Jensen, G. B., Prause, J. U., & Nielsen, N. V.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Bispebjerg Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Buch, Helena
- ORCID
- Jensen, Gorm B.
- Venue
- Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-07-19
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 409-418
- ISSN
- 1395-3907 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0420
- OpenAlex
- W1520662388
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 7.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Velux Stiftung
- Ögonfonden
- Danish Eye Research Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- age-related maculopathy, risk factors, cataract, family history (medicine), alcohol consumption, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, old age, incidence, older adults, serum lipids, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Denmark, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Incidence, Odds Ratio, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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