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Trauma exposure and post‐traumatic stress disorder in the general population
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the lifetime prevalence of trauma experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD: Questionnaire-assessed PTSD, the type of traumatic event experienced, perceived trauma impact, and trauma frequency in 1824 randomly selected men and women. RESULTS: PTSD lifetime prevalence was estimated at 5.6% with a 1 : 2 male-to-female ratio, in spite of men reporting greater trauma exposure. The highest PTSD risk was associated with sexual and physical assault, robbery and multiple trauma experiences. Controlling for trauma type did not account for gender differences, while controlling for experienced distress did. CONCLUSION: The conditional probability for PTSD varied as a function of trauma type, frequency and impact of the event, with increased rates associated with prevalent trauma exposure and higher perceived distress. The latter accounted for the gender effect, suggesting that gender differences in PTSD in part represent a generally greater vulnerability to stress in women.
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“This finding suggests that making all MBPs trauma-inclusive is likely to be more useful than screening out or creating separate trauma-sensitive programs for trauma survivors with PTSD, as prevalence rates for lifetime trauma exposure (e.g., 80.8%) are estimated to be high within the general population [69].”
From Childhood trauma and subclinical PTSD symptoms predict adverse effects and worse outcomes across two mindfulness-based programs for active depression (2025) · cites this paper as [69]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Frans, Ö., Rimmö, P. ‐., Åberg, L., & Fredrikson, M.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Dalarna University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Frans, Ö.
- ORCID
- Fredrikson, M.
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 291-290
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2139994007
- Cited by
- 580
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 26.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, trauma exposure, lifetime prevalence, gender differences, sexual assault, physical assault, robbery, polytrauma, perceived distress, general population
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Crime, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Recurrence, Risk, Sex Offenses, Sex Ratio, Statistics as Topic, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Sweden, Violence
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