The DOI matches its Crossref record; 216 of the 216 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The anatomical basis of intestinal immunity
Abstract
Summary: The lymphoid tissues associated with the intestine are exposed continuously to antigen and are the largest part of the immune system. Many lymphocytes are found in organised tissues such as the Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, as well as scattered throughout the lamina propria and epithelium of the mucosa itself. These lymphocyte populations have several unusual characteristics and the intestinal immune system is functionally and anatomically distinct from other, peripheral compartments of the immune system. This review explores the anatomical and molecular basis of these differences, with particular emphasis on the factors which determine how the intestinal lymphoid tissues discriminate between harmful pathogens and antigens which are beneficial, such as food proteins or commensal bacteria. These latter antigens normally provoke Immunological tolerance, and inappropriate responses to them are responsible for immunopathologies such as food hypersensitivity and inflammatory bowel disease. We describe how interactions between local immune cells, epithelial tissues and antigen‐presenting cells may he critical for the induction of tolerance and the expression of active mucosal immunity In addition, the possibility that the intestine may act as an extrathymic site for T‐cell differentiation is discussed. Finally, we propose that, under physiological conditions, immune responses to food antigens and commensal bacteria are prevented by common regulatory mechanisms, in which transforming growth factor p plays a critical role.
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Cites
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Cited by
Barthel, M., Hapfelmeier, S., Quintanilla-Martínez, L., Kremer, M., Rohde, M., Hogardt, M., Pfeffer, K., Rüssmann, H., & Hardt, W.-D. (2003) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.71.5.2839-2858.2003 · Cited by 1,020
Evidence for the cure of HIV infection by CCR5Δ32/Δ32 stem cell transplantation
Allers, K., Hütter, G., Hofmann, J., Loddenkemper, C., Rieger, K., Thiel, E., & Schneider, T. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-09-309591 · Cited by 681
Haller, D., Bode, C., Hammes, W. P., Pfeifer, A. M. A., Schiffrin, E. J., & Blum, S. (2000) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.47.1.79 · Cited by 466
Perils at mucosal front lines for HIV and SIV and their hosts
Haase, A. T. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1706 · Cited by 440
Normal Structure, Function, and Histology of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Cesta, M. F. (2006) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1080/01926230600865531 · Cited by 384
Metadata
- Authors
- Mowat, A. M., & Viney, J. L.
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 145-166
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- OpenAlex
- W1978730674
- Cited by
- 493
- References
- 216
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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