Autocrine and paracrine regulation of melanocytes in human skin and in pigmentary disorders
Open accessAbstract
Recently melanogenic paracrine or autocrine cytokine networks have been discovered in vitro between melanocytes and other types of skin cells. These include endothelin (ET)‐1, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, membrane‐type stem cell factor (SCF) and growth‐related oncogene‐α for interactions between keratinocytes and melanocytes, and hepatocyte growth factor and soluble type SCF for interactions between fibroblasts and melanocytes. These networks are also associated with corresponding receptors expressed on melanocytes, including ET B receptor and the SCF receptor, c‐KIT. Consistent with in vitro findings on the melanogenic paracrine or autocrine cytokine networks, we have found that the up‐ or down‐regulation of such networks is intrinsically involved in vivo in the stimulation of melanocyte functions in several epidermal hyper‐ or hypo‐pigmentary disorders. These are ET‐1/ET B receptor as well as membrane type SCF/c‐KIT for ultraviolet B‐melanosis, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor for ultraviolet A‐melanosis, ET‐1/ET B receptor as well as membrane type SCF for lentigo senilis, growth related oncogene‐α for Riehl's melanosis, sphingosylphosphorylcholine for hyperpigmentation in atopic dermatitis, ET‐1 for seborrhoeic keratosis, soluble type SCF as well as hepatocyte growth factor for dermatofibroma and café‐au‐lait macules, and c‐KIT for vitiligo vulgaris. These unveiled regulatory mechanisms involved in the abnormal up‐ or down‐regulated levels of lesional melanocyte function provide new insights into therapeutic tools utilizing blockage of responsible cytokine networks.
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Previous studies indicate protective effects of keratinocytes against UVB-induced pathologies including DNA damage, apoptosis, and melanogenesis in melanocytes.
“They are in agreement with previous studies indicating protective effects of KC against UVB-induced pathologies including DNA damage, apoptosis and melanogenesis in MC [30–34].”
From Nrf2 in keratinocytes modulates UVB-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in melanocytes through MAPK signaling (2017) · cites this paper as [33]
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Manabe, T., Inagaki, Y., Nakagawa, S., et al. (1987) · American Journal of Dermatopathology · doi:10.1097/00000372-198708000-00003 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Differential Hypermelanosis Induced By Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Imokawa, G., & Kawai, M. (1987) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12461181 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationVenner, T. J., Sauder, D. N., Feliciani, C., et al. (1995) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1995.tb00237.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Nürnberger, M., & Moll, I. (2009) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000247170 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Sphingosylphosphorylcholine is a Melanogenic Stimulator for Human Melanocytes
Higuchi, K., Kawashima, M., Ichikawa, Y., & Imokawa, G. (2003) · Pigment Cell Research · doi:10.1046/j.1600-0749.2003.00097.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationHachiya, A., Kobayashi, T., Takema, Y., & Imokawa, G. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m105874200 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMELANOGENESIS AND MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Neil, S. M. (1998) · Melanoma Research · doi:10.1097/00008390-199802000-00016 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Imokawa, G., Yada, Y., & Okuda, M. (1992) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12616165 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationImokawa, G., Higuchi, K., & Yada, Y. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.3.1605 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationSP-21 Ex vivo vitiligo vs control melanocyte susceptibility to catecholamines and hydrogen peroxide
Cario, M., Gauthier, Y., Pain, C., et al. (2003) · Pigment Cell Research · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0749.2003.08352.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Moretti, S., Giovannelli, L., Bellandi, S., et al. (2003) · Pigment Cell Research · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0749.2003.08394.x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Imokawa G, Yada Y, Kimura M. Signaling mechanisms of endo- thelin-induced mitogenesis in human melanocytes. Biochem J 1996;314:305-312
- Chakraborty AK, Funasaka Y, Slominski A, Ermak G, Hwang J, Pawelek J, Ichihashi M. Production and release of proopiomelano- cortin (POMC) derived peptides by human melanocytes and kera- tinocytes in culture: regulation by UVB. Biochim Biophys Acta 1996;1313:130-138
- Imokawa G, Yada Y, Morisaki N, Kimura M. Characterization of keratinocyte-and fibroblast-derived mitogens for human melanocyte -their roles in stimulated cutaneous pigmentation. In: Hori Y, Hearing VJ, Nakayama J, ed. Melanogenesis and Malignant Mel- anoma. London: Elsevier Science B.V.; 1996. pp. 35-48
- Higuchi K, Kawashima M, Ichikawa Y, Imokawa G. Sphingosyl- phosphorylcholine is a melanogenic stimulator for human melano- cytes. Pigment Cell Res 2003;16:670-678
- Colver GB, Mortimer PS, Millard PR, Dawber RPR, Ryan TJ. The ÔDirty NeckÕ -a reticulate pigmentation in atopics. Clin Exp Dermatol 1987;12:1-4
- Longley BJ, Morganroth GS, Tyrrell L, Ding TG, Anderson DM, Williams DE, Halaban R. Altered metabolism of mast-cell growth factor (c-kit ligand) in cutaneous mastocytosis. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1302-1307
- Kang S, Sorber AJ. Disturbances of Melanin Pigmentation. In: Moschella SL, Hurley HJ, eds. Dermatology, 3rd edn, vol. 2. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co.; 1992, pp. 1446-1447
- Tobin DJ, Swanson NN, Pittelkow MR, Peters EM, Schallreuter KU. Melanocytes are not absent in lesional skin of long duration vitiligo. J Pathol 2000;191:407-416
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Costin, G.-E., & Hearing, V. J. (2007) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.06-6649rev · Cited by 976 · see citing works
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Cui, R., Widlund, H. R., Feige, E., Lin, J. Y., Wilensky, D. L., Igras, V. E., D'Orazio, J., Fung, C. Y., Schanbacher, C. F., Granter, S. R., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.045 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Del Bino, S., Duval, C., & Bernerd, F. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19092668 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
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Miyamura, Y., Coelho, S. G., Wolber, R., Miller, S. A., Wakamatsu, K., Zmudzka, B. Z., Ito, S., Smuda, C., Passeron, T., Choi, W., et al. (2007) · Pigment Cell Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2006.00358.x · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Lao, O., de Gruijter, J. M., van Duijn, K., Navarro, A., & Kayser, M. (2007) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00341.x · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Tarafder, A. K., Bolasco, G., Correia, M. S., Pereira, F. J. C., Iannone, L., Hume, A. N., Kirkpatrick, N., Picardo, M., Torrisi, M. R., Rodrigues, I. P., et al. (2014) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.432 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Aust, M. C., Reimers, K., Repenning, C., Stahl, F., Jahn, S., Guggenheim, M., Schwaiger, N., Gohritz, A., & Vogt, P. M. (2008) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e318188245e · Cited by 129 · see citing works
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Cardinali, G., Ceccarelli, S., Kovacs, D., Aspite, N., Lotti, L. V., Torrisi, M. R., & Picardo, M. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23929.x · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Choi, W., Miyamura, Y., Wolber, R., Smuda, C., Reinhold, W., Liu, H., Kolbe, L., & Hearing, V. J. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2010.5 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
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Jeayeng, S., Wongkajornsilp, A., Slominski, A. T., Jirawatnotai, S., Sampattavanich, S., & Panich, U. (2017) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.009 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
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The effects of UVB irradiance on vitiligo phototherapy and UVB‐induced photocarcinogenesis
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- Authors
- Imokawa, G.
- Corresponding author
- Imokawa, Genji
- ORCID
- Imokawa, Genji
- Venue
- Pigment Cell Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-03-11
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 96-110
- ISSN
- 0893-5785 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0749
- OpenAlex
- W2138112259
- Cited by
- 369
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Pigment Cell Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Keywords
- melanocytes, autocrine regulation, paracrine regulation, cytokine network, endothelin-1, endothelin B receptor, stem cell factor, CD117, GM-CSF, hepatocyte growth factor, growth-related oncogene alpha, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, Riehl's melanosis, seborrheic keratosis, dermatofibroma, café-au-lait spots, vitiligo, skin pigmentation disorders, melanocyte function
- MeSH terms
- Fibroblasts, Humans, Melanocytes, Models, Biological, Pigmentation, Skin, Ultraviolet Rays, Down-Regulation, Keratinocytes, Up-Regulation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit, Stem Cell Factor
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